Although the world's population is ageing and as a result of this an increasing number of patients are experiencing difficulty in swallowing, there remains a lack of commercially available oral liquids for both these older and paediatric patients. This presents a problem to health care professionals, especially the pharmacist in practice, who is often required to provide a solution for these pa...

OBJECTIVES Identify the photosensitive drugs included in the hospital pharmacotherapeutic guide and search for stability data on the storage, reconstitution, and dilution of these compounds. METHODS The data were obtained by referencing technical specifications, information provided by drug laboratories, and in some cases, we performed a more extensive bibliographic search (tertiary sources a...

BACKGROUND The stability of ophthalmic preparations in multidose containers is influenced by the preservative as well as the stability of the active ingredient. Unstable drugs may require refrigeration to preserve their active ingredient level and they are more likely to degrade over time, therefore becoming more susceptible to degradation based on patient mishandling. The purpose of this study...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop a generalized in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR) model based on in vitro dissolution profiles together with quantitative and qualitative composition of dosage formulations as covariates. Such a model would be of substantial aid in the early stages of development of a pharmaceutical formulation, when no in vivo results are yet available and it i...

Organic solvents are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as reaction media, in separation and purification of synthesis products and also for cleaning of equipment. This paper presents some aspects of organic solvents utilization in an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a drug product manufacturing process. As residual solvents are not desirable substances in a final product, differe...

Pharmaceutical materials science addresses the physical solid-state properties of pharmaceutical products, such as solubility and stability of crystal structures. Especially the different properties of different polymorphs, salts and hydrates of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) are of interest, although more recently the amorphous state has also received considerable attention. Calcula...

Raman spectroscopy has been proven a noninvasive technique with high potential in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, micro Raman technique and chemometric tools were used for identification of azithromycin (AZM) tablets by different manufacturers and quantitative analysis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the samples. Support vector machine (SVM), Bayes classifier and K-near...

Proper chemical imaging tools are critical to the pharmaceutical industry due to growing regulatory demand for intermediate and end-product content uniformity testing. Herein we demonstrate stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and four excipients within tablets. Tablets from six manufactures were imaged with a speed of 53 s per frame of 512 × 512 p...

In this paper, authors summarise studies refferering to enrichment of breast and thigh muscles with carnosine that has an important function in physiological processes. Research shown improves quality chicken meat. By adding amino acids β-alanine L-histidine chickens’ feed, synthesizes skeletal muscles, brain, heart muscle olfactory receptor cells. It been determined the content depends on type...

We analyze the patent filing strategies of foreign pharmaceutical companies in Chile distinguishing between "primary" (active ingredient) and "secondary" patents (patents on modified compounds, formulations, dosages, particular medical uses, etc.). There is prior evidence that secondary patents are used by pharmaceutical originator companies in the U.S. and Europe to extend patent protection on...