Editorials 4 In response to requests for the funding of new drugs, reimbursement agencies are re-evaluating some of the methods used in assessing these products. Many trials submitted for the regulatory review of new drugs do not provide adequate data for subsidy decisions. We argue that all involved in bringing medicines to market need to be explicit about the additional information required, ...

Injection is one of the most common medical procedures in the health sector. Annually up to 16 billion injections are prescribed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many of them are not necessary for the patients, increase the healthcare costs and may result in side effects. Currently over 40% of outpatient prescriptions in Iran contain at least one injectable medicine. To address the ...

China has exploded onto the world economy over the past few decades and is undergoing rapid transformation toward relatively more services. The health sector is an important part of this transition. This article provides a historical account of the development of health care in China since 1949. It also focuses on health insurance and macroeconomic structural adjustment to less saving and more ...

Bicomponent electrospun nanofibers based on the combination of synthetic (i.e., aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone (PCL)) and natural proteins (i.e., gelatin) have been extensively investigated as temporary platforms to instruct cells by the release of molecular/pharmaceutical signals for the regeneration of several tissues. Here, water soluble proteins (i.e., gelatin), strictly embe...

background and aims. current chemical methods may not efficiently disinfect dental stone casts. the aim of this study was to investigate if microwave irradiation is effective for disinfection of stone casts. materials and methods. in this laboratory study, three groups (n = 162) of prepared spherical stone beads as carriers with a diameter of 10 mm were inoculated by separately soaking in three...

Pharmaceutical industry represents a range of industries with operation and processes as diverse as its product. Hence effluents coming from pharma industries vary from industry to industry. Thus it is almost impossible to describe a typical pharmaceutical effluent because of such diversity. Waste water is generally evaluated in terms of temp, pH, Total suspended solid (TSS), BOD, COD, Oil & gr...

In photodynamic therapy, one of the problems limiting the use of many photosensitizers (PS) is the difficulty in preparing pharmaceutical formulations that enable their parenteral administration. Due to their low water solubility, the hydrophobic PS cannot be simply injected intravenously. Different strategies, including polymer-PS conjugation or encapsulation of the drug in colloidal carriers ...

Crystallization processes are used across the chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. In the chemical industry, the potash and caustic industries use crystallization as a means to produce bulk chemicals and also as a separation technology for purification. The fine chemical and specialty chemical industries use crystallization processes to produce various high-value organic compo...

NAOTO OKU, TOMOHIRO ASAI, KOHTA KUROHANE, KOH WATANABE, KOICHI KUROMI, YUKIHIRO NAMBA, KOICHI OGINO and TAKAO TAKI Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan; Nippon Fine Chemical Co. Ltd., Takasago, Hyogo 676-0074, Japan; and Molecular Medical Science Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kagasuno, Kawauchi...