BACKGROUND Controlling the growth of pharmaceutical expenditures is a major global challenge. Promotion of generic drug prescriptions or use is gaining increased support. There are substantial contextual differences in international experiences of implementing pharmaceutical policies related to generic drugs. Reporting these experiences from varied perspectives can inform future policy making. ...

Abstract Introduction In the last 20 years, Italian pharmaceutical policies have moved to contain public expenditure. This study analyses trajectory of retail expenditures investigate whether there has been a switch from private expenditure, how composition and expenditure changed, are correlations with supply/demand variables. These research questions received little attention in literature. M...

In the corporate political activity literature, abundant research has examined lobbying in United States and its relationship with firms’ financial performance. Lobbying US emerged at same time as state itself, democratic system of government contributed to rapid development. However, there have been few studies firms headquartered outside that examine how nationality affects their activity. Th...

In light of concerns about rising pharmaceutical expenditures, managed care organizations call upon clinical pharmacists to include economic factors in their decisions regarding product selections for formulary inclusion. Good decisions increase the likelihood of achieving the desired bal, ance between providing high-quality care and containing overall health care' costs. Given time limitations...