Excess sludge treatment is indispensable in sewage plants. This study aims to reduce the excess material from activated and establish a mathematical model. Sludge dissolution rates were calculated by measuring total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) soluble COD (SCOD) with regard water quality before after pretreatment. Then, reduction effects obtained means of suspended solid (SS) changes. The maj...

Municipal effluents are important source of contaminants including many socalled Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) substances, whose potential impacts on the receiving environment are poorly understood. New emerging substances, in the form of pharmaceutical drugs like antibiotics, antiinflammatory, and anti-convulsive, are now being frequently measured in these wastewaters. Whil...

BACKGROUND High salinity (1-10% w/v) of tannery wastewater makes it difficult to be treated by conventional biological treatment. Salt tolerant microbes can adapt to these saline conditions and degrade the organics in saline wastewater. RESULTS Four salt tolerant bacterial strains isolated from marine and tannery saline wastewater samples were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus fl...

Background : Pseudomonus stutzeri bactrerium is one of the most important and effective denitrifier bacteria in wastewater. With regard to the importance of effects of nitrate on water resources and human health and role of metronidazole inhibition, this study was done with the aim of survey of effect of metronidazole different concentrations on biological denitrification of Pesudomonas stutzer...

Potential exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment is a subject of ongoing concern. We recently published maximum likely exposure rates for several hundred human prescription pharmaceuticals commonly used in the US. These rates were estimated from nationally aggregated marketing data and wastewater production rates. The accuracy of these estimates is uncle...

Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater aeration lagoon for the treatment of the domestic wastewaters of a small town with wastewater inputs from a 400-bed hospital complex. Endemic mussels were collected, caged and pla...

Reuse of treated wastewater to irrigate agricultural crops is increasing in many arid and semi-arid areas around the world. The presence of numerous pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in treated wastewater and their potential transfer into food produce such as vegetables poses an unknown human health risk. The goal of this study was to identify PPCPs that have a comparatively hig...

Ozonation to achieve removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater effluents, with pH values in the upper and lower regions of the typical range for Swedish wastewater, was investigated. The main aim was to study the effects of varying pH values (6.0 and 8.0), and if small additions of H2O2 prior to ozone treatment could improve the removal and lower the reaction time. The effluents studied differ...