Background:Few data exist for referral processes in resource-limited settings. We utilized mixed-methods to evaluate the impact of a standardized algorithm and training module developed for locally identified needs in referral/counter-referral procedures between primary health centers (PHCs) and a Guatemalan referral hospital. Methods: PHC personnel and hospital physicians participated in surve...

Solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) systems convert solar energy into electricity via thermally radiated photons at tailored wavelengths to increase energy conversion efficiency. In this work, we report the design and analysis of a STPV system with 2D photonic crystals (PhCs) using a high-fidelity thermal-electrical hybrid model that includes the thermal coupling between the absorber/emitter/PV cel...

BACKGROUND HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection remains a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. Integration and decentralization of HIV and TB treatment services are being implemented, but data on outcomes of this strategy are lacking in rural, resource-limited settings. We evaluated TB treatment outcomes in TB/HIV coinfected patients in an integrated and decentralized system in ru...

Photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) of the transmitted wave presents promising applications in photonic spintronic devices, including inter-chip optical circuitry and quantum computing devices. These can benefit from phenomena such as photon tunneling effect, frustrated total internal reflection, resonant effect. However, mechanisms for enhancing PSHE are limited. In this study, an alternative str...

Photonic crystals (PhCs) have been demonstrated as a versatile platform for the study of topological phenomena. The recent discovery higher-order insulators introduces new aspects PhCs that are yet to be explored. Here, we propose an all-dielectric PhC with unconventional band topology. Besides conventional spectral features gapped edge states and in-gap corner states, theory predicts boundary ...

Fuel-combustion-based thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems are emerging as a viable power source for small, portable generators spectrum of applications such UAVs, robotic platforms, and sensors. In TPV systems, an emitter heated to above 1000 K emits radiation that is then converted electricity by low bandgap photovoltaic cell. One promising class emitters two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) ...

Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP&CR) are strategies to reduce the three levels of delays contributing high maternal mortality morbidity in developing countries. Knowledge BP CR among healthcare providers, especially Primary Health Care (PHC), is poor, counselling on during antenatal care visits not routinely done most facilities Northern Nigeria. It is, therefor...

This study investigates the prediction of removal efficiency emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) (pharmaceuticals-PhCs, personal care products-PCPs, and steroidal hormones-SHs) in constructed wetlands based on their physicochemical properties (e.g., molecular weight-MW, octanol-water partition coefficient-Log Kow, soil carbon sorption Koc, distribution Dow, dissociation constant-pKa). The pred...