Peter Singer’s approach to ethics as a utilitarian preference seems to have little to say to Christian ethics. But for a host of important issues, and in particular for those related to ecological ethics, this article argues that this perception is fundamentally mistaken. When comparing Singer’s views to a Roman Catholic approach, we find that their disagreement with regard to ecological concer...

Frege started his work on the intellectual project culminating in his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik—that of deriving the basic principles of arithmetic from purely logical laws—quite early in his career. Indeed, in the foreword to Grundgesetze (pp. VIII–X), Frege claims to have already begun working on it at the time of his 1879 Begriffsschrift, and it is certainly evident in intermediate works a...

Neuroscientist Susan Greenfield's Mind Change grew out of controversial statements she made as a member of the UK House of Lords. In a 2009 debate about websites, Greenfield recounts, “I decided to offer a perspective through the prism of neuroscience... the human brain adapts to the environment and the environment is changing in an unprecedented way, so the brain may also be changing in an unp...

This paper, along with the following paper by John McCarthy, introduces some of the topics to be discussed at the IJCAI95 event ‘A philosophical encounter: An interactive presentation of some of the key philosophical problems in AI and AI problems in philosophy.’ Philosophy needs AI in order to make progress with many difficult questions about the nature of mind, and AI needs philosophy in orde...

Maximnm likelihood estimates are reported to be best under all circumstances. Yet there are numerous simple examples where they plainly misbehave. One gives some eranmples for problems that had not been invented for the purpose of annoying ms,aximunm likelihood fans. Another example, imitated from B'hadu'r, has been specially created with just such a purpose in mind. Next, we present a list of ...

We are using the term ‘microtonal tuning’ here to mean simply any tuning with more than twelve notes per octave, though we realise that the term is sometimes defined more broadly. For example, the definition could be so broad as to include all tunings other than the one based on the ubiquitous Western tempered scale with twelve equally-spaced steps per octave (hereinafter abbreviated as 12-ET)....

Where you can find the structure and interpretation of signals and systems easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this structure and interpr...

Attention is crucial for effective learning. There is an emerging research trend that suggests attention can be improved by changing the structure of the learning task, leading to increased learning. This chapter reviews and reanalyzes studies of attention in educational settings with respect to the structure of the learning task. This analysis is then integrated with theoretical accounts of mi...

Yampolskiy and others have shown that the space of possible minds is vast, actually infinite (Yampolskiy, 2015). A question of interest is “Which activities can minds perform during their lifetime?” This question is very broad, thus in this article restricted to “Which non-boring activities can minds perform?” The space of potential non-boring activities has been called by Yudkowsky “fun space”...

not unfrequently we find in the volume passages of great eloquence and beauty. The mode in which the author has developed his views, is not, indeed, the least merit of the treatise. The work is singularly free from scientific jargon and professional terms, and is, therefore, easy of comprehension to the general reader. Some portions of it, from the novelty of the facts adduced, and the principl...