The Algarve Region (AR) in southern Portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum since the 1980s. In the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of Leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. Four sandfl...

Background: Geographical distribution of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) has continuously been extended in recent years in Iran. The Beiza District is one of the newly-emerged endemic foci of ZCL in southern Iran. The main aim of the present study was to detect the vector(s) of ZCL in this area. Methods: To detect the fauna and vectors of ZCL in this district, sand flies were cau...

Background: Leishmaniosis is a prevalent tropical parasitic disease, which is caused by Leishmania protozoa. The infection can be limited in immune-competent individuals; however, in immune-compromised individuals it could proceed to chronic and ulcerative disease. The reservoirs are carnivores, and rodents and its vectors are Phlebotomus and Lutzumia. Methods: The prevalence of different spice...

A new classification of the subgenus Zaprionus is proposed in light of recent phylogenetic findings. The boundaries of the armatus and inermis species groups are redefined. The vittiger subgroup is upgraded to the level of a species group. The tuberculatus subgroup is transferred from the armatus to the inermis group. A new monotypic group, neglectus, is erected. Full morphological descriptions...

We investigated the efficacy and the residual effect of fipronil(R) against two species of triatomine bugs, Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius neglectus, in laboratory conditions measuring concentration-response and residual activity on different surfaces (dried mud and lime coated mud). Lethal concentrations (LC50,90) were determined on filter paper. The higher insecticide efficacy against R. neg...

The effect of morphological variants of females of Pratylenchus penetrans, P. neglectus, and P. crenatus on the growth of three vegetables was studied. Variants were characterized by having either a smooth or crenate tail terminus. Pea was inoculated with variants of P. penetrans, one female per seedling, and grown at light intensities ranging from 1,350 to 21,600 lux in a series of five experi...

This study assessed zooplankton density and Chl-a amount to understand their spatial seasonal variation in Lake Malombe. Samples were collected for analysis during the hot, dry season (HDS) cool, dry, windy (CDWS). The identified Tropodiaptomus cunningtoni (TC), Mesocyclops aequatorialis (MAA), Thermocyclops neglectus (TN), Bosmina longirostris (BL), Diaphanosoma spp. (DS), Nauplii. These group...

A study was undertaken to establish the susceptibility of two recently colonized sand fly species, Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi to some insecticides. A laboratory colony of P. papatasi, unexposed to insecticides for a period of ten years, was used as reference strain. Bioassay tests were carried out according to the WHO standard protocols based on the mortality rates recorded at diff...

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) are important vectors of human pathogens. Moreover, they possess monoxenous parasites, including gregarines of the genus Psychodiella Votypka, Lantova, and Volf, which can negatively affect laboratory-reared colonies, and have been considered as potential candidates in biological control. In this study, effects of the gregarine Psychodiella sergent...