This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of using phonemic awareness skills in improving difficulties learning reading from point view teachers Jerash Directorate. Arabic for basic stage, and necessary data were collected a questionnaire, it was applied sample. The results evaluation sample revealed that effect stage directorate their average, researcher recommended holding training courses s...

Acknowledgements: Research for this paper was conducted at the University of Washington with the help of two dissertation fellowships from the American Association of University Women and the Association of Women in Science. Partial preparation of this manuscript was supported while on a postdoctoral training grant from the National Institutes of Health to Indiana University (NIHNIDCD T32 Train...

Abstract The purpose of the present research was to disclose impact school closures due COVID-19 on phonemic awareness first-grade primary students. sample comprised two cohorts. Cohort-1 consisted 59 students, while there were 193 students in Cohort-2. A total 252 recruited into sample. Data collected with Phonemic Awareness Test which specifically designed for research. Mediation analysis use...