Well-developed phonological awareness skills are a core prerequisite for early literacy development. Although effective phonological awareness training programs exist, children at risk often do not reach similar levels of phonological awareness after the intervention as children with normally developed skills. Based on theoretical considerations and first promising results the present study exp...

Abstract Although phonological processing is generally considered to be a proficiency in Williams syndrome (WS), there are very few studies which have extensively explored phonological processing abilities in WS. In this study, we re-assessed phonological processing in WS by exploring verbal STM and phonological awareness abilities in 4 children with WS (CA: 10-12 years) and two control groups,...

PURPOSE Several empirical studies suggest that children who stutter, when compared to typically fluent peers, demonstrate relatively subtle, yet robust differences in phonological encoding. Phonological encoding can be measured through the use of tasks that reflect the underlying mechanisms of phonological processing, such as phonological awareness. This study investigated the phonological enco...

Consonant mastery is one of the most widely used metrics of typical phonological acquisition and of phonological disorder. Two fundamental methodological questions concerning research on consonant acquisition are (1) how to elicit a representative sample of productions and (2) how to analyse this sample once it has been collected. This paper address these two questions by reviewing relevant asp...

Conflict of interest: non-existent The phonological disorder is one of the speech sound disorders with a higher incidence in children1,4-9 and can negatively impact the health and quality of life of children. Because of it early diagnosis and intervention become essential to prevent further improvement of the disorder and the appearance of other alterations1. Children with phonological disorder...

Purpose: To verify the occurrence of the phonological process of plosives and fricatives devoicing in children with phonological disorders. The following variables were involved: most affected phonemes, severity of phonological disorder, and age. Methods: Participants were 50 children, with an average age of 6 years and 5 months. Speech data were collected by means of the Avaliação Fonológica d...

Background. The notion ‘basic color term’ (BCT) was first defined by Berlin & Kay (1969, B&K). Based on a sample of 98 spoken languages, B&K argued that languages show considerable variation in their BCT systems, but that the attested variation is constrained by a hierarchy according to which BCTs appear in a language in a predictable order. B&K identify seven stages of complexity in this hiera...

Hybridization produces strong evolutionary forces. In hybrid zones, selection can differentially occur on traits and selection intensities may differ among hybrid generations. Understanding these dynamics in crop-wild hybrid zones can clarify crop-like traits likely to introgress into wild populations and the particular hybrid generations through which introgression proceeds. In a field experim...

ABSTRACT The Karnal bunt pathogen, Tilletia indica, is heterothallic and depends on encounters on wheat spikes between airborne secondary sporidia of different mating types for successful infection and reproduction. This life history characteristic results in reduced reproductive success for lower population densities. Such destabilizing density dependence at low population levels has been desc...

To strengthen the depth of lightweight rowing talent, we sought to identify experienced heavyweight rowers who possessed physique traits that predisposed them to excellence as a lightweight. Identified athletes (n = 3) were monitored over 16 wk. Variables measured included performance, anthropometric indices, and selected biochemical and metabolic parameters. All athletes decreased their body m...