Introduction/aims Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology facilitates the delivery of macromolecules into cytoplasm. The initial mechanism and practical application was described by Berg et al. in 1999. This, first in human trial, is an open, phase I dose escalating study to evaluate the safety and tolerance of the photosensitizer (amphinex) that is used to initiate the photoc...

Through extracellular measurements of photoreceptor responses to flashed stimuli, we examined how the bleaching of rhodopsin affects increment receptor threshold in the isolated retina of the skate (Raja oscellata and R. erinacea). Both initially unbleached and previously bleached photoreceptors, when exposed to full-field luminous backgrounds of fixed intensity, attain approximately stable lev...

Carbohydrates are important molecular components of living matter. While spectroscopic and computational studies have been performed on carbohydrates in the electronic ground state, the lack of a chromophore complicates the elucidation of the excited-state properties and the photochemistry of this class of compounds. Herein, we report on the first computational investigation of the singlet phot...

Small-scale and household low-cost technologies to provide water free of arsenic for drinking purposes, suitable for isolated rural and periurban areas not connected to water networks in Latin America are described. Some of them are merely adaptation of conventional technologies already used at large and medium scale, but others are environmentally friendly emerging procedures that use local ma...

Diabatic potential energy surfaces are a convenient starting point for dynamics calculations of photochemical processes, and they can be calculated by the fourfold way direct diabatization scheme. Here we present an improved definition of the reference orbital for applying the fourfold way direct diabatization scheme to ammonia. The improved reference orbital is a geometry-dependent hybrid orbi...

In the ISA, EPA indicates that many of the overall conclusions remain generally the same as the last National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) review which was completed in 2008. However, contrary to the EPA’s statement, the ISA includes conclusions regarding a wide-range of health effects including stronger causal associations for both short-term and long-term exposures to ozone and newer ...

The photodegradation of pesticides is reviewed, with particular reference to the studies that describe the mechanisms of the processes involved, the nature of reactive intermediates and final products. Potential use of photochemical processes in advanced oxidation methods for water treatment is also discussed. Processes considered include direct photolysis leading to homolysis or heterolysis of...

Model calculations indicate that the lower ionosphere of Saturn is controlled by photochemical processes, with basic features similar to the Jovian ionosphere. The scale height of the upper ionosphere is large (•3350 km). A peak electron density of •10•cm -s 2250 km above a 10•9cm -a reference level is expected assuming an eddy coefficient at the homopause of 1.3 x 10øcmas -• and a relatively h...