Paulot et al. (Reports, 7 August 2009, p. 730) reported that the photooxidation of isoprene under low-nitrogen oxides (NOx) conditions produces epoxides that can facilitate the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, another pathway involving the formation of methyl-butenediol intermediates can also lead to isoprene-derived SOA formation. Further research is needed to clarify the...

BACKGROUND One means of treating osteoarthritis is with autologous or allogeneic osteochondral grafts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the innate immunological response in humans toward xeno-derived osteochondral grafts that have been partially or entirely treated by the photooxidation process. METHODS The antigens tested included bovine, porcine, ovine and equine osteochondral samp...

Photooxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) sensitized by N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoborate (NMQ(+)BF4-) has been investigated in O2-saturated acetonitrile solutions. Nearly 100% oxidation of DBT and DMDBT was observed, and the oxidized products are predominantly composed of sulfoxides and sulfones, which are formed via photoinduced electron transfer (ET)...

We report here on a new electron-transfer mechanism for visible-light photooxidation of sulfides in which no superoxide ion is involved. Visible-light irradiation of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4, 6-diphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (MOPDPP(+)BF(4)(-)) in an O(2)-saturated acetonitrile solution containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) results in nearly 100% conversion to oxygenated products, DBT sulfoxide an...

Two condensed mechanisms for the atmospheric reactions of isoprene, which differ in the number of species used to represent isoprene’s reactive products, have been developed for use in ambient air quality modeling. They are based on a detailed isoprene mechanism that has recently been developed and extensively evaluated against environmental chamber data. The new condensed mechanisms give very ...

Modelling of the photooxidation of toluene: conceptual ideas for validating detailed mechanisms V. Wagner, M. E. Jenkin, S. M. Saunders, J. Stanton, K. Wirtz, and M. J. Pilling School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, U.K. Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, C. Charles R. Darwin 14, 46980 Paterna, Spain ...

Cyamemazine (CMZ) is a neuroleptic drug that mediates cutaneous phototoxicity in humans. Here, the photobehavior of CMZ has been examined within α1 -acid glycoproteins, β- and γ-cyclodextrins and SDS micelles. In all these microenvironments, CMZ emission was enhanced and blue-shifted, and its lifetime was longer. Irradiation of the entrapped drug at 355 nm, under air; led to the N,S-dioxide. Wi...

The introduction of diaminobenzidine (DAB) into ultrastructural cytochemistry in 1966 by Graham and Karnovsky (1) for demonstrating horseradish peroxidase activity was an important milestone. Its usefulness has been extended to demonstration of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome c by Seligman et al . (2) in 1968, and to demonstration of peroxisomes of kidney (3-5) and peroxisomes o...

Visible light irradiation of 18 microM bilirubin ditaurate (BR-DT) at pH 7.0 for 30 min showed a 10% decrease in absorbance at 445 nm. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of a trace amount of uroporphyrin (UP), the spectrum of BR-DT disappeared without a concomitant formation of biliverdin. Photooxidation products were confirmed to be dipyrrole-containing compounds. Photo-bleachin...

A combined photoelectrochemical and IR spectroscopic approach was used to study the photooxidation of oxalic acid on thin films consisting of oriented rutile TiO(2) nanowires (diameter: approximately 2 nm). Anodic spikes appear in the photocurrent transients particularly at low oxalic acid concentrations and point to mass transport limitations due to the presence of narrow pores (< or = 1 nm) i...