Many physical phenomena and properties of soft matter systems are characterized by an interplay of interactions and processes that span a wide range of length- and time scales. Computer simulation approaches require models, which cover these scales. These are typically multiscale models that combine and link different levels of resolution. In order to reach mesoscopic time- and length scales, n...

The first step in the building of a spacetime solution of Einstein’s gravitational field equations via the initial value formulation is finding a solution of the Einstein constraint equations. We recall the conformal method for constructing solutions of the constraints and we recall what it tells us about the parameterization of the space of such solutions. One would like to know how to constru...

The derivation of the equation governing the vibrating string yields the one-dimensional wave equation. We derive this equation and then use the solution to this partial differential equation to model particular physical phenomena. As we observe the behavior of the one-dimensional wave given various boundary conditions, we integrate a discussion of how normal modes influence the shape of the st...

Modern parallel supercomputing systems give scientists the power to model and visualize physical phenomena and chemical processes at a stunning degree of precision and sophistication leading to profound levels of insight and understanding. This paper samples new techniques and concepts promising scientists to visualize and explore large-scale data to its full extent, and show the impact of thes...

The mental realm seems different to the physical realm; the mental is thought to be dependent on, yet distinct from the physical. But how, exactly, are the two realms supposed to be different, and what, exactly, creates the seemingly insurmountable juxtaposition between the mental and the physical? This review identifies and discusses five marks of the mental, features that set characteristical...

The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), the last member of Hall family, was predicted to exhibit quantized Hall conductivity σ(yx) = e2/h without any external magnetic field. The QAHE shares a similar physical phenomenon with the integer quantum Hall effect (QHE), whereas its physical origin relies on the intrinsic topological inverted band structure and ferromagnetism. Since the QAHE does no...

Turbulence is a supermixer. Turbulent mixing has immense consequences for physical phenomena spanning astrophysical to atomistic scales under both high- and low-energy-density conditions. It influences thermonuclear fusion in inertial and magnetic confinement systems; governs dynamics of supernovae, accretion disks and explosions; dominates stellar convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lit...

This paper builds on the flexibility of the level-set representation to model in a unified manner the expansion of a hollow in the ground under different physical phenomena. In particular, the dissolving action of a flow of water in a saturated soil, and that of a jet of particles of water in a non-saturated one, are represented in a common framework. In that manner, the complex geometrical evo...

This paper is devoted to an investigation of the interactions between stationary sources of the electromagnetic field, in a model which exhibits explicit Lorentz-symmetry breaking due to the presence of a single background vector. We focus on physical phenomena that emerge from this kind of breaking and which have no counterpart in Maxwell electrodynamics.

Massive neutrinos open up the possibility for a variety of new physical phenomena. Among them are oscillations and double beta decay. Furthermore they influence several fields from particle physics to cosmology. In this article the concept of massive neutrinos is given and the present state of experimental research is extensively reviewed. This includes astrophysical studies of solar, supernova...