This paper is a review on the status of hard coating of various physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques and compare their properties. The use of hard and wear resistant PVD coatings on cutting tools is now widespread in global manufacturing for reducing production cost and improving productivity, all of which are essential if industry is to remain economically competitive. The review includ...

The early stages of thin film formation are described by a simple hybrid model that couples a set of discrete kinetic rate equations to a Fokker-Planck (FP)-type continuum. Unique features of the atomic processes in energetic particle deposition are outlined and discussed. A thermal atom deposition process is benchmarked with Zinsmeister's analytical theory [~7] to demonstrate the simplicity an...

Recent molecular dynamics simulations of the growth of @Ni0.8Fe0.2 /Au# multilayers have revealed the formation of misfit-strain-reducing dislocation structures very similar to those observed experimentally. Here we report similar simulations showing the formation of edge dislocations near the interfaces of vapor-deposited ~111! @NiFe/CoFe/Cu# multilayers. Unlike misfit dislocations that accomm...

Now a day's as the internet is widely in-use hence the information is transferred with a single click. Information is transferred usingviz; images, videos, texts but the most popular

To enlarge the capacity of the hidden secret information and to provide an imperceptible stego-image for human vision, a novel steganographic approach using tri-way pixel-value differencing (TPVD) is proposed in this paper. To upgrade the hiding capacity of original PVD method referring to only one direction, three different directional edges are considered and effectively adopted to design the...

Self-organization during friction in complex surface engineered tribosystems is investigated. The probability of self-organization in these complex tribosystems is studied on the basis of the theoretical concepts of irreversible thermodynamics. It is shown that a higher number of interrelated processes within the system result in an increased probability of self-organization. The results of thi...

The solution of a boundary–value problem formulated for a modified Kretschmann configuration shows that the phase speed of a surface–plasmon wave guided by the planar interface of a sufficiently thin metal film and a chiral sculptured thin film (STF) depends on the vapor incidence angle used while fabricating the chiral STF by physical vapor depoistion. Therefore, it may be possible to engineer...

Thin-film coating plays a prominent role on the manufacture of many industrial devices. Coating can increase material performance due to the deposition process. Having adequate and precise model that can predict the hardness of PVD and CVD processes is so helpful for manufacturers and engineers to choose suitable parameters in order to obtain the best hardness and decreasing cost and time of in...

1. Easy to plate: steel, copper and brass. These can be coat* with adherent deposits that will riot fail at the deposit-substrate interface. 2. Special treatment: stainless steels, aluminum, beryllium, magnesium and plastics. These can also be coated with adherent deposits that will not fail at the deposit-substrate interface. 3. Very difsicult: titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum...