During 2021 surveys, greengage witches’-broom (GWB) and decline (GD) diseases were respectively observed in Fars Yazd provinces of Iran. Presence phytoplasma the symptomatic plants was confirmed by PCR amplifications 16S rRNA gene. Sequence analyses showed affiliation GWB GD phytoplasmas to‘Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium’ (16SrIX-B) and‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’ (16SrII-C) related strains, respec...

Of recognized more than 5000 bacterial species, over 100 are the causal agents of plant diseases. They constitute a very important factor limiting growth and cropping of cultivated plants. The pathogenic bacteria are divided into two major groups: eubacteria possessing cell wall and ability to grow on artificial media and bacteria without cell wall but surrounded by cell membrane only. To the l...

Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited, insect-transmitted, plant pathogenic bacteria that are responsible for hundreds of diseases world-wide. Because transmission occurs quickly, plants become infected before insecticides can act on the vector. The single most effective means of controlling the vector is to cover plants with insect exclusion netting; however, this is not practical for most commercia...