First discharge calculations are carried out to set release characteristics for the hazardous chemical (including depressurisation to ambient). Scenarios which may be modelled includes releases from vessels (leaks or catastrophic ruptures), short pipes or long pipes and releases of combustion products following a warehouse fire. Released considered include releases of sub-cooled liquid, superhe...

A finite-difference procedure is employed to predict the development of turbulent flow in curved pipes. The turbulence model used involves the solution of two differential equations, one for the kinetic energy of the turbulence and the other for its dissipation rate. The predicted total-velocity contours for the developing flow in a 180’ bend are compared with the experimental data. Predictions...

Nondestructive evaluation of the gas pipeline system is most commonly performed using magnetic flux leakage (MF L) techniques. A major segment of this network employs seamless pipes. The data obtained from MFL inspection of seamless pipes is contaminated by various sources of noise; including seamless pipe noise due to material properties of the pipe, lift -off varia tion of MFL sensor due to m...

Three zero-order swales, each with a contributing drainage area of about 1 ha, were instrumented to measure pipeflows within the Caspar Creek Experimental Watershed in northwestern California, USA. After two winters of data collection, the second-growth forest on two of the swales was clearcut logged. The third swale remained as an uncut control. After logging, peak pipeflow was about 3.7 times...

A novel way of measuring a portion of the pipe’s crosssection Þlled with liquid (PPCSFWL) and ßow-rate of liquid through partially Þlled pipes, based on electromagnetic method, is proposed. The technique developed is valid for laminar ßow and cylindric pipes. The measuring method, based on nonlinear relationships between the PPCSFWL and the measured signals, is developed and utilizes an optimal...

We would like to congratulate Gentile and Siobal on their review article concerning the recent advances in equipment for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia,1 in which they reported different techniques to clear the subglottic secretions that accumulate during intubation. At the time of extubation, they described applying a positive pressure gradient just prior to cuff deflation. T...

Alias Limited, market leader for piping isometric software, today announced the availability of I-View, a 3D pipe visualization tool. I-View is capable of handling single or multiple pipes from any 3D plant design system supporting ISOGEN. Even piping ® les from diå erent systems can be viewed as a single model. This new module now provides I-Sketch users with the ability to view pipes in true ...

The enormity of the problem of deteriorating pipeline infrastructure is widely apparent. Since a complete rebuilding of the piping system is not financially realistic, municipal and utility operators require the ability to monitor the condition of buried pipes. Thus, reliable pipeline assessment and management tools are necessary to develop long term cost effective maintenance, repair, and reha...