Within-plant heterogeneity in growth, morphology, and chemistry is ubiquitous, and is commonly attributed to differences in tissue age, light availability, or previous damage by herbivores. Although these factors are important, we argue that plant vascular architecture is an underappreciated determinant of heterogeneity. Vascular architecture can restrict the transport of resources (nutrients, ...

Catha edulis (khat) is a plant grown commonly in the horn of Africa. The leaves of khat are chewed by the people for its stimulant action. Its young buds and tender leaves are chewed to attain a state of euphoria and stimulation. Khat is an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated as a bush or small tree. The leaves have an aromatic odor. The taste is astringent and slightly sweet. The plant is see...

The present work offers a review addressing the chemistry and pharmacology of Limnophila geoffrayi Bonati (belonging to Scrophulariaceae family) regarded as one of the most significant plant species in traditional system of medicine. The plant is used traditionally as an antipyretic, expectorant, lactogogue and to prepare a decoction as antidote for detoxification of poisons. Few phytochemical ...

It would perhaps come as a surprise to many nonbiological scientists (or even some biologists) to learn that despite our ability to characterize a number of environmental variables, such as climate, along regional or continental gradients, until recently we have had almost no basis for doing so for plant and soil chemistry. New work, including a paper by Han et al . in this issue (pp. 377–385),...

1 Department of Physical Sciences, Alabama State University, Alabama, AL, USA 2 Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 4 Department of Chemistry, Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 5 Departments of Bioc...

Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.M., J.V.); Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.M., R.J.B., O.V., H.A.V., J.d.G., C.H.R.d.V.); Centre for BioSystems Genomics, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.M., R.J.B., O.V., H.A.V., C.H.R.d.V.); Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageni...

Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (J.-P.V., R.J.F.J.O., R.G.F.V.); Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands (J.-P.V., H.A.S., A.G.J.V.); Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907–1...

Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (F.B., J.Š., P.W., D.V., D.M.); Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, SK–949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic (J.Š.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61–701 Poznań, Poland (P.W.); an...

Streblus asper Lour is a small tree found in tropical countries, such as India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Various parts of this plant are used in Ayurveda and other folk medicines for the treatment of different ailments such as filariasis, leprosy, toothache, diarrhea, dysentery and cancer. Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biologic...

Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (F.B., J.Š., P.W., D.V., D.M.); Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, SK–949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic (J.Š.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61–701 Poznań, Poland (P.W.); an...