Elastic-plastic crack-tip fields and constraint levels in bending specimens under large-scale yielding (LSY) are examined. The J − A2 three-term solution is modified by introducing an additional term caused by the global bending. Three different methods, i.e. two-point matching, constant A2 and elastic stress estimation method, are proposed to determine the fourth term. It is shown that the ela...

The flexible nature of immunoglobulins is clearly demonstrated in electron micrographs of antibody complexes, and serves as the structural basis for the interpretation of time-resolved fluorescence depolarization studies. The extent of the flexibility seen with the electron microscope (EM) will be the initial topic of this review. We will compare rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodie...

this study aims at presenting a numerical model for predicting grout flow and penetration length into the jointed rock mass using universal distinct element code (udec). the numerical model is validated using practical data and analytical method for grouting process. input data for the modeling, including geomechanical parameters along with grout properties, were obtained from a case study. the...

The implementation of strong column-weak beam concept in reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames results the formation plastic hinges at ends, which could lead to strain penetration longitudinal reinforcement into beam-column joint (BCJ) cores. This causes high shear forces inside cores, bonding deterioration and consequently jeopardizes seismic behaviour BCJs. Plastic hinge relocation...

The usual earthquake resistant design philosophy of ductile frame buildings allows the beams to form plastic hinges adjacent to beam-column connections. In order to carry out this design philosophy, the ultimate bond or shear strength of the beam should be greater than the flexural yielding force and should not degrade before reaching its required ductility. The behavior of RC members dominated...

The behavior of steel structures subjected to seismic actions depends directly on the connections behavior. There are two current tendencies for ensuring the structural ductility: allowing the formation of plastic hinges in the beams by using reduced beam sections or reduced web sections or by ensuring the plastic hinge formation in the connection by using dissipative elements. This paper prese...

GGAs, a class of monomeric clathrin adaptors, are involved in the sorting of cargo at the trans-Golgi network of eukaryotic cells. They are modular structures consisting of the VHS, the GAT, hinge, and GAE domains, which have been shown to interact directly with cargo, ARF, clathrin, and accessory proteins, respectively. Previous studies have shown that GGAs interact with clathrin both in solut...