This paper presents a novel approach to obtain fast locking PLL by embedding a nonlinear element in the loop of PLL. The nonlinear element has a general parametric Taylor expansion. Using genetic algorithm (GA) we try to optimize the nonlinear element parameters. Embedding optimized nonlinear element in the loop shows enhancements in speed and stability of PLL. To evaluate the performance of th...

The study of phase locked loops (PLL) has been heavily treated in literature and most of the theoretical and the analytical results of such are verified using simulations. Here we provide a real-time implementation of a PLL on a digital signal processor (DSP) and analyse and verify the theoretical results associated with it on the implemented system. Such work takes us one step above from the t...

Behavioural modeling and simulation of a PLL based integer n frequency synthesizer has been illustrated in this paper. The synthesizer generates a signal of 5.15-5.25 GHz in the UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) lower band which is used by IEEE 802.11(a). All the PLL building blocks are modeled and simulated using Simulink. The PLL performance has been evaluated using MATLAB...

Using simple on-chip monitoring circuits, we precisely characterized the impact of hot carrier injection and bias temperature instability on frequency and phase noise degradation of a 65nm all-digital PLL circuit. Experimental data shows that PLL phase noise degrades with aging even though the output frequency is maintained constant due to the PLL feedback operation. Results show that applying ...

Phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces proliferation in nonmalignant human B cells and B cells from a patient with B prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL). Mitogen-free T cell-derived conditioned medium acts synergistically with PMA in inducing proliferation of B-PLL cells but does not enhance the PMA-stimulated outgrowth of nonmalignant B cells. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) has no effect on t...

Hollow multilayer nanocapsules were successfully prepared through layer-by-layer assembly of two bioactive polysaccharides, chitosan and fucoidan. The stepwise adsorption of 10 chitosan/fucoidan layers and the consequent formation of a multilayer film on polystyrene nanoparticles (used as templates) were followed through ζ-potential measurement and the removal of the polystyrene core was confir...

The phase locked loop(PLL) has been widely used in wireless communication systems due to the high frequency resolution and the short locking time. The Direct Digital Synthesis(DDS) is also an emerging and maturing signal generation technology. But another advanced technique in which, DDS signal is mixed with the voltage-control oscillator output in the PLL feedback path. This solution helps in ...

A 0.8-V CMOS Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) has been designed and fabricated by using a 0.13-μm 1p8m CMOS process. In the proposed PLL, the double-positive-feedbacks voltage-controlled oscillator (DPF-VCO) is used to generate current signals for the coupling current-mode injection-locked frequency divider (CCMILFD) and currentinjection current-mode logic (CICML) divider. A short-pulsed-reset phase fre...

The control system of a doubly-fed adjustable-speed pumped-storage hydropower plant needs phase-locked loops (PLLs) to obtain the phase angle of grid voltage. The main drawback of a comb-filter-based phase-locked loop (CF-PLL) is the slow dynamic response. This paper presents a modified comb-filter-based phase-locked loop (MCF-PLL) by improving the pole-zero pattern of the comb filter, and give...

For efficient gene delivery into cells, a new formulation method based on using polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and a fusogenic peptide is presented in this study. First, PEG grafted PLL (PEG-g-PLL) was complexed with DNA by controlling the polymer/DNA ratio to form negatively charged nano-particulate complexes. A positively charged fusogenic peptide, KALA, was then coate...