For the policy-implementing part of his job, the administrator has to be a coordinator, which is a generalist function. At the policy-implementing stage, he needs to be a generalist in the sense of feeding extra-disciplinary valuejudgments, culled from his wide administrative experience, into the decision-making process. But, at the same time, for policyformulation he had to master specialised ...

We study the effects of 'balance billing', i.e., allowing physicians to charge a fee from patients in addition to the fee paid by Medicare. First, we show that on pure efficiency grounds the optimal Medicare fee under balance billing is zero. An active Medicare policy thus can only be justified when distributional concerns are accounted for. Extending the analysis by Glazer and McGuire, we ther...

This paper describes the security architecture of the IRO-DB database federation, a system supporting interoperable access between relational and object-oriented databases. The security policy developed is a federated, administrative, discretionary access control policy supporting positive, negative, as well as implied authorizations. It includes a procedure for conflict resolution within the s...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Ethical and conceptual issues 3. Our uncertain knowledge of the environment 4. The Impact of population growth on the environment 5. What are the implications for population policy? 6. Political and administrative difficulties in developing a global environmental policy 6.1 Sovereignty and the Administration of Environmental Protection Activities 6.2 North-South Equi...

T he Manitoba Centre for Health Policy has achieved much success over the past 20 years in building an administrative claims data repository, using that data for innovative, policy-relevant research, and developing effective knowledge translation mechanisms. Researchers have long recognized the limitations of administrative data while working creatively to minimize these limitations using linka...

This contribution has the objective to reflect on existing and impending challenges to EU public law from an administrative perspective. This will be undertaken against the fast-paced developments of the past 50 years linking various levels of government and administration in the Member States and the EU to administrative networks which are active also on the international scene. In this contex...

background and objectives: hospital bed utilization is influenced by various factors, which may be categorized into patient-related, physician-related, and administration-related issues. it could be argued that the causes of inappropriate hospital bed utilization would be perceived differently by the clinicians and the patients. given the unique role of clinical practitioners in quality of care...

This paper makes use of the revision of “Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” as a natural phenomenon, under the method of Difference-in-Differences to observe the effect of this policy on the reduction of industrial wastewater in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The research result shows that the implementation of the policy has certain promoting effect to reduce discharge of ind...

This paper exploits a combination of policy variation from multiple pension reforms in Austria and administrative data from the Austrian Social Security Database. Using the policy changes for identification, we estimate social security wealth and accrual elasticities in individuals' retirement decisions. Next, we use these elasticities to estimate a dynamic programming model of retirement decis...

responding to ruth mcdonald’s editorial on the rise of leadership and leadership development programmes in healthcare, this paper offers three arguments. firstly, care is needed in evaluating impact of leadership development, since achievement of organisational goals is not necessarily an appropriate measure of good leadership. secondly, the proliferation of styles of leadership might be unders...