This paper generalizes the model proposed by Misra, by considering switching between political parties. In the model proposed, the movements of members from political party B to political party C and vice versa, are considered but the net movement is considered by assuming that [Formula: see text] (a constant), which implies that the movement of members is either from party B to party C or from...

In modern France, power and society are developing in different directions. President E. Macron has built a rigid “vertical of power”, which was further strengthened under the conditions COVID-19 pandemic. Power France exceptional autonomy an ability to make implement decisions that do not have public support. The president can reforms by decree, prime minister – relying on Article 49.3 Constit...

The transformation of the understanding and implementation environmental policy in modern Russia brings need for an interdisciplinary approach to training specialists working this field forefront. Civil society is actively involved decision-making process on protection. As a unifying principle politics ecology, public ecology that still being formed has been chosen. It involves generating, solv...