Georg Simmel’s political position has rarely been discussed explicitly – perhaps because many scholars have assumed that Simmel was ‘apolitical’ before 1914. The present article shows even 1914 held a distinct position, to wit peculiar kind of liberal-Nietzschean aristocratic individualism. This individualism is the result passage through ‘the hard school’ egalitarian socialism in order reach t...

While pragmatism as a philosophy and intellectual movement has been gaining inroads in international ethics political theory scholarship, feminist is not yet widely regarded. This paper explores the contributions of to thought, particularly Jane Addams’s social which largely overlooked literature on women’s normative theory. Here I add efforts reconsider Addams thinker that was concerned with m...

Contemporary analyses of Athenian democracy have focused on binaries such as mass/elite, free/slave, and male/female, overlooking the urban/rural divide. In this article, I argue that was a central cleavage in demos. Ancient thinkers including Thucydides, Aristophanes, Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle paid close attention to differences their consequences during fifth century. Plato particular develo...