Thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide (IMiDs) are effective treatments of haematologic malignancies. It was shown that IMiDs impart gain-of-function properties to the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4CRBN) ubiquitin ligase that enable binding, ubiquitination and degradation of key therapeutic targets such as IKZF1, IKZF3 and CSNK1A1. While these substrates have been implicated a...

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is distinct B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder primarily characterized by bone marrow infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells along with production of a serum monoclonal (IgM). In this review, we describe the biology of WM, the diagnostic evaluation for WM with a discussion of other conditions that are in the differential diagnosis and clinical manifestations...

Although survival of multiple myeloma patients has at least doubled during recent years, most patients eventually relapse, and treatment at this stage may be particularly complex. At the time of relapse, the use of alternative drugs to those given upfront is current practice. However, many new options are currently available for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma, including recently app...

Multiple myeloma is a disease of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Interaction of malignant plasma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Recognition of potential adverse cytogenetic and genomic abnormalities has led to identification of newer targets, translating to development of newer drugs. The introduction of two new such class...

Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide is a 4-amino-glutamyl analogue of thalidomide that lacks the neurologic side effects of sedation and neuropathy and has emerged as a drug with activity against various hematological and solid mali...

OBJECTIVE The use of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) inducer drugs is considered as a novel approach in treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies, especially β- thalassemia and sickle cell disease. HbF inducers including hydroxyurea, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor agents such as sodium butyrate, azacitidine, decitabine and new immunomodulator drugs like pomalidomide, lenalidomide and thalidomide can reduc...

Over the past 15 years, significant progress has been made in understanding biology and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). This is due to introduction new therapies applications known drugs associated with a better how optimize patient disease characteristics. Indeed, have approved over this time period. Immunomodulatory (IMiDs) used MM for 20 years. Initially, it was thalidomide, then analogu...

This review article outlines the current development of emerging treatment strategies for primary central nervous system lymphoma, a rare brain tumor with, thus far, limited therapeutic options. Small molecule targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors will be discussed. The mechanisms action, results completed clinical studies, ongoing trials...

Multiple myeloma is a haematological cancer that needs continuous long-term management for improved outcomes and survival. Over the last few decades, medical therapies have considerably, with several new drug classes becoming available. Oral therapies, especially when used in combinations, are more convenient than intravenous limit number of clinic visits. include thalidomide, lenalidomide, pom...