An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the residual mechanical properties of steel reinforcements after their exposure elevated temperatures. In order reproduce real loading conditions, specimens were simultaneously subjected a load level and thermal cycle consisting heating up target temperature cooling back room temperature. The percentage critical temperature, i.e., at which speci...

Forest fire monitoring, assessment, and management are important aspects of the tropics because their significant ecological, economic, social impact. Soil is considered one most natural resources. Wildfire alters soil nutrient status pool through volatilization, erosion, leaching, oxidation, ash transport. Little information available on how properties, carbon stock, nitrogen microbial biomass...

Climate change has increased the area affected by forest fires each year in boreal North America1,2. Increases in burned area and fire frequency are expected to stimulate boreal carbon losses3–5. However, the impact of wildfires on carbon emissions is also affected by the severity of burning. How climate change influences the severity of biomass burning has proved difficult to assess. Here, we ...

Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is produced by the thermal decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen (O). PyC affects nutrient availability, may enhance post-fire nitrogen (N) mineralization rates, and can be a significant carbon (C) pool in fire-prone ecosystems. Our objectives were to characterize PyC produced by wildfires and examine the influence that contrasting types of PyC have on ...

The need for sustainable energy has incentivized the use of alternative fuels such as light alcohols. In this work, reduced chemistry mechanisms prediction fires (pool fire, tank and flash fire) two primary alcohols—methanol ethanol—were developed, aiming to integrate detailed kinetic model into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. accommodates either pure reactants products or other inter...

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based fire model has been successfully coupled to standard finite-element computer codes in order to permit design and risk analysis of radioactive material packages. The fire model, called Container Analysis Fire Environment (CAFE), is based on a three-dimensional finite volume formulation of basic fire chemistry and fluid dynamics. The fire model includes ...