The pharmacological advantages of the rapid-acting analog, insulin aspart, over human insulin have contributed to the widespread prescription of the premix, biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 (BIAsp 30), in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This article reviews the available literature on the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of BIAsp 30 in T1DM and T2DM from an online search of the PubMed d...

Diabetes is characterized by glycemic disorders that include both sustained chronic hyperglycemia and acute glucose fluctuations. There is now cogent evidence for the deleterious effects of sustained chronic hyperglycemia that results in excessive protein glycation and generation of oxidative stress. The role of glucose variability from peaks to nadirs is less documented, but there are many rea...

Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial nitric oxide impairment in systemic blood vessels and the heart, atherosclerosis, and hypercoagulability of blood. The traditional focus on insulin sensitivity ...

Mitiglinide is novel class of rapid-acting insulin secretagogues, which have been widely used alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic drugs to improve postprandial hyperglycemia in early type 2 diabetes. While mitiglinide enhances postprandial requirement of insulin, the efficacy of mitiglinide combined with insulin has yet to be established. We investigated the efficacy of mitigli...

OBJECTIVE Gastric bypass (GB) surgery is associated with postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and this effect is accentuated in postsurgical patients who develop recurrent hypoglycemia. Plasma levels of the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are dramatically increased after GB, suggesting that its action contributes to alteration in postprandial glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to ...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to compare the efficacy of acute premeal administration of glipizide versus nateglinide in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with non-insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 20 subjects (10 female, 10 male) with non-insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes were admitted overnight to the General Clinical Research Cen...

Recent studies demonstrating a close relationship between postprandial hyperglycemia and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prompted us to investigate the generation and source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells stimulated by short-term exposure to a high glucose concentration. In addition, we investigated the effect of insulin on ROS production induced b...

Calves intensively fed milk replacers frequently develop postprandial insulin resistance, characterized by excessively elevated plasma insulin concentrations, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria. To test the hypothesis that insulin secretion and insulin-dependent dependent glucose metabolism are modified by age and carbohydrate intake, 20 male calves (Simmental x Red Holstein) were fed a milk replace...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION The combination therapy of dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor and α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs) is highly effective in suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of voglibose and miglitol on glucose fluctuation, when used in combination with DPP-4 inhibitor by using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). MATERIALS AND...

I ndividuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (1) and U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (2) showed that treatment programs resulting in improved glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, reduced the microvascular compli...