INTRODUCTION Pragmatic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) mimic usual clinical practice and they are critical to inform decision-making by patients, clinicians and policy-makers in real-world settings. Pragmatic RCTs assess effectiveness of available medicines, while explanatory RCTs assess efficacy of investigational medicines. Explanatory and pragmatic are the extremes of a continuum. This d...

Precis: This study presents a linear programming model based on the recently published input-output tables for the Northern Ireland economy. The potential usefulness of such a planning model is demonstrated by the rich range of economic results it provides, not only on the level of maximum consumption, but also for each industrial sector, the optimal level of production, the level of imports an...

The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis that have been peer reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers...

1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213 2Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh 3Department of Immunology 4UPCI Molecular and Cellular Biology Program. University of Pittsburgh Running Title: Inhibition of IL-2 Induced Autophagy Prolongs Survival Precis: The preclinical study shows how the inexpensive autophagy i...

Precis: Lyons' (1972) data on the distribution of Irish wealth are considered and the appropriateness of the lognormal and Pareto models for this data are assessed using relatively sophisticated statistical methods. Allowance is made for the 65 per cent of individuals whose estate size is unrecorded. New estimates of total wealth and of the distribution of wealth in Ireland are obtained. Part o...

Precis: In this paper we present some quantitative indices for measuring and comparing levels of inequality in discrete spatial distributions. The indices presented are based on the Kullback Informa­ tion Measure which we consider to be the most general. In the final section of the paper the indices are applied to measure inequality in per capita income and certain categories of employment dist...

Precis: We discuss the behaviour of prices in an n-sector, circulating capital model with no joint production, of the type considered by Sraffa in Part I of his book. Instead of following Sraffa's approach, which uses the notion of proportions of labour to means of production in the various "layers" of means of production, we base our analysis directly on the characteristic roots and vectors of...

The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis that have been peer reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers...

Precis: This paper examines the electoral impact of the counting and transfer of lower preference votes on Dail elections since 1922. The relationship between transfers and constituency size is assessed, and it is shown that a constituency size of at least five members is needed before transfers have an even chance of affecting the final result. Only Fine Gael has benefited significantly in net...

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