1. Theory suggests that the relationship between predator diversity and prey suppression should depend on variation in predator traits such as body size, which strongly influences the type and strength of species interactions. Prey species often face a range of different sized predators, and the composition of body sizes of predators can vary between communities and within communities across se...

Recently, there were many works on predator-prey system done by scholars [1–6]. In particular, since Hassell-Varley [7] proposed a general predator-prey model with Hassell-Varley type functional response in 1969, many excellent works have been conducted for the Hassell-Varley type system [1, 7–13]. Liu and Huang [8] studied the following discrete predator-prey system with Hassell-Varley-Holling...

A delayed periodic ratio-dependent predator–prey model with prey dispersal and stage structure for predator is investigated. It is assumed that immature individuals and mature individuals of the predator species are divided by a fixed age, and that immature predators don!t have the ability to attack prey, and that predator species is confined to one of the patches while the prey species can dis...

Many organisms use warning, or aposematic, coloration to signal their unprofitability to potential predators. Aposematically colored prey are highly visually conspicuous. There is considerable empirical support that conspicuousness promotes the effectiveness of the aposematic signal. From these experiments, it is well documented that conspicuous, unprofitable prey are detected sooner and aversi...

Predator-prey models consider those prey that are free. They assume that once a prey is captured by a predator it leaves the system. A question arises whether in predator-prey population models the variable describing prey population shall consider only those prey which are free, or both free and handled prey together. In the latter case prey leave the system after they have been handled. The c...

In this paper, we presented a predator–prey model with spatial diffusion and densitydependent noise. It was found that the spatial model without noise has spotted pattern. However, combined with density-dependent noise, the predator–prey model exhibits transition from spotted to labyrinth pattern. Furthermore, when noise intensity and temporal correlation are in appropriate levels, the populati...

In recent years, non-autonomous predator-prey systems have been widely studied [1-6]. There has been a growing interest in the study of mathematical models of populations dispersing among patches in the nature world [3,7-9]. In the classical predator-prey models it is usually assumed that each individual predator admits the same ability to feed on prey. However, it is different for some species...

A long-standing debate concerns how functional responses are best described. Theory suggests that ratio dependence is consistent with many food web patterns left unexplained by the simplest prey-dependent models. However, for logistical reasons, ratio dependence and predator dependence more generally have seen infrequent empirical evaluation and then only so in specialist predators, which are r...

What determines whether fleeing prey escape from attacking predators? To answer this question, biologists have developed mathematical models that incorporate attack geometries, pursuit and escape trajectories, and kinematics of predator and prey. These models have rarely been tested using data from actual predator-prey encounters. To address this problem, we recorded multi-camera infrared video...