In a general population study comprising 994 women and 1,000 men (aged > or = 15 years), we investigated differences in consumed amounts of alcohol related to participation in sports and physical exercise. Compared with the controls, women engaged in sports drank significantly more beer and had higher total consumption of alcohol. The differences in consumption disappeared when controlled for a...

Corn stover was pretreated with an excess of calcium hydroxide (0.5 g Ca(OH)2/g raw biomass) in non-oxidative and oxidative conditions at 25, 35, 45, and 55 degrees C. The optimal condition is 55 degrees C for 4 weeks with aeration. Glucan (91.3%) and xylan (51.8%) were converted to glucose and xylose respectively, when the treated corn stover was enzymatically hydrolyzed with 15 FPU/g cellulos...

I . Details are given for the construction and use of an apparatus for the incubation of rumen liquor in semi-permeable sacs inside the bovine rumen. It was found practicable, using one animal, to incubate simultaneously samples of strained diluted rumen liquor in three identical vessels, each of 100--120 ml capacity, for periods of up to 23 h. 2. The optimal conditions for experiments of this ...

The desilication effects of aluminium sulphate and sodium aluminate on kraft bamboo pulp during the cooking process were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the residual aluminium ion concentration in the resulting black liquor was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) to evaluate the scaling properties of black liquor during the evaporation process....

Spinal trau ma occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord that results in a bruise, a partial tear, or a complete tear. Because the spinal cord is the central carrier of signals throughout the body, damage to the spinal cord can have serious consequences. During a 5 year period (2005 – 2009), 39 patient’s spinal trauma – were treated in the Neurology department of RCSUMA. The patients were ...

BACKGROUND Children's positive socialisation to alcohol is associated with early initiation of drinking and alcohol-related harm in adult life. Internationally, there have been reports of adults' alcohol consumption at school events in the presence of children. The aim of this research was to identify the conditions under which Australian schools are required to apply for a liquor licence and t...

The xylanase biosynthesis is induced by its substrate-xylan. The high xylan content in some wastes such as wheat residues (wheat bran and wheat straw) makes them accessible and cheap sources of inducers to be mainly applied in great volumes of fermentation, such as those of industrial bioreactors. Thus, in this work, the main proposal was incorporated in the nutrient medium wheat straw particle...

Microbial production of antimicrobials as biopreservatives is the major area of focus nowadays due to increased interest of consumers towards natural and safe preservation of ready to eat food products. The agro-industrial byproduct based medium and optimized process conditions can contribute in economical production of bacteriocins. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried o...

Despite numerous side effects associated with smoking and drinking, the appealand conditional demand of themin China are still in the ascendant. Though a heavy volume of literature has been found with respect to this issue, few empirical studies have been done on smoking and drinking in China. We attempt to bridge this gap by estimating two-part models of smoking and liquor drinking demand of u...

The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high quality paper. Black liquor is a pulping waste generated by the kraft process that has potential for downstream bioconversion. However, the recalcitrant nature of the lignocellulose resources, its chemical derivatives that constitute the majority o...