The importance of X chromosome in the aetiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is well-known but in many cases POF still remains idiopathic. Chromosome aneuploidy increase is a physiological phenomenon related to aging, but the role of low-level sex chromosome mosaicism in ovarian function is still undiscovered. Standard cytogenetic analysis was carried out in a total of 269 patients affect...

the premature and age-induced ovarian failure are associated with significant medical and quality of life complications. Moreover, millions of children and adults suffer from iatrogenically-induced premature gonadal failure as a result of chemotherapy treatments. In the case of chemotherapy, commonly used cancer drugs such as doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide result in apoptotic death of primordi...

Background: Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) is a life-changing condition that affects 1% of women under the age of 40. POF is also known as premature menopause, and hyper gonadotropic hypogonadism; POF can be primary (spontaneous) or secondary which is usually induced by radiation, chemotherapy or surgery. It comprises of amenorrhea, high menopausal levels of gonadotropin and sex steroid defici...

More than 100 yr ago, Osler (1) noted that heart disease was almost entirely a disease of men. Fifty years ago, the most popular explanations for sex differences in heart disease were lifestyle, particularly cigarette smoking (which was mainly a male habit until World War II), or differences in stress (i.e. men in the workforce and women at home, or what I like to call the “happy homemaker hypo...

Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs)—chemicals used in the manufacture of stainand water-repellant products—are suspected endocrine disrupters. Animal studies have suggested an association between exposure to two of the most commonly encountered PFCs (perfluoro octanoate, or PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate, or PFOS) and altered hormonal function, although evidence in humans remains inconsistent...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women younger than age 50 years. Cancer treatments in younger women may cause premature menopause, infertility, and negative psychosocial effects. In this systematic review, we examined three key domains of functioning that are particularly relevant for younger breast cancer survivors: health-related quality of life (QOL), menopausal symptom...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a halogenated compound that binds the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, is a by-product of numerous industrial processes including waste incineration. Studies in rats and monkeys suggest that TCDD may affect ovarian function. We examined the relationship of TCDD and age at menopause in a population of women residing near Seveso, Italy, in 1976, at the time of ...

OBJECTIVE Preliminary data suggest that Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) can be an effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. This trial was designed to assess the efficacy of fennel in the management of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. METHODS In this triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 90 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years in Tehran were randomly assigned to treatment (n ...

The human character can be understood as an extension of the life mission or purpose of life, and explained as the primary tool of a person to impact others and express the purpose of life. Repression of the human character makes it impossible for a person to realize his personal mission in life and, therefore, is one of the primary causes of self-repression resulting in poor quality of life, h...

BACKGROUND Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been associated with early menopause. However, previous cross-sectional studies have lacked adequate data to investigate possible reverse causality (i.e., higher serum concentrations due to decreased excretion after menopause). OBJECTIVES We investigated the association betw...