The dried fruits of the chaste tree Vitex agnus castus (VAC) were traditionally used by monks as a substitute for pepper and was therefore also called Monk’s pepper. For the last 50 years it is commercially provided for the treatment of premenstrual symptoms, particularly to prevent premenstrual mastodynia (mastalgia). Most studies were performed with the preparation containing an aqueous/ethan...

objective: premenstrual syndrome (pms) is a cluster of physical and emotional changes that typically begins several days before the menstrual period that disappears quickly after menstruation. it seems that cooccurrence of depression increases the risk and severity of this syndrome. in this cross-sectional research, we evaluated an association between pms and depression in medical students. met...

The purpose of this article is to review the sixteen published studies that examine associations between the perception of experimentally induced pain across menstrual cycle phases of healthy females. We also performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze the data and attempt to draw conclusions. The results suggest that there are relatively consistent patterns in the sensitivity to painfu...

Premenstrual syndrome is a term that combines several disorders are different in pathogenesis and severity of treatment. Among them: the main premenstrual disorder, exacerbation another disease, others. dysphoric disorder actually separate requires mental health care. This review presents modern classification these disorders, provides detailed guidance on their diagnosis correction. Particular...

Hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle influence appetite control and eating behaviour. Energy intake varies during the reproductive cycle in humans and animals, with a periovulatory nadir and a luteal phase peak. Patterns of macronutrient selection show less consistency but a number of studies report carbohydrate cravings in the premenstrual phase, particularly in women with...

Reproductive life milestones were studied in 150 unselected women with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and in 300 postmenopausal healthy women (PM). Duration of reproductive life was found to be similar in the two groups. The women with PD reported significantly more premenstrual symptoms, fewer deliveries and abortions, and less use of contraception. Time and mode of menopause onset were s...

This study assesses the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in treating premenstrual dysphoric changes. The CBT condition (n = 24) aimed to modify dysfunctional thinking as a means of impacting on negative premenstrual symptoms and changes. The components of CBT were cognitive restructuring and assertion training. A comparison condition called 'information-focused therapy' (IFT) (n = ...

Menstrual disorders frequently affect the quality of life of adolescents and young adult women and can be indicators of serious underlying problems. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of menstrual symptoms among nursing students in Beirut, Lebanon. Of 352 students completing a written questionnaire, the most common menstrual disorders were irregular frequenc...