We consider a new form of authenticated key exchange which we call multi-factor passwordauthenticated key exchange, where session establishment depends on successful authentication of multiple short secrets that are complementary in nature, such as a long-term password and a one-time response, allowing the client and server to be mutually assured of each other’s identity without directly disclo...

As a recently proposed public key primitive, attribute-based encryption (ABE) (including Ciphertext-policy ABE (CP-ABE) and Key-policy ABE (KP-ABE)) is a highly promising tool for secure fine-grained access control. For the purpose of secure access control, there is, however, still one critical functionality missing in the existing ABE schemes, which is the prevention of key abuse. In particula...

Although public-private partnership (PPP) is regarded as one of the key effective tools in development many countries, various challenges surrounding PPPs are not well understood. This paper explores nine PPP implementation: (1) different organizational cultures and goals between partners, (2) poor institutional environment support, (3) weak political legal frameworks, (4) unreliable mechanisms...