in this article, multiple-product pvrp with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. a mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. to solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

The paper presents a product-based information management approach that promises a more efficient and effective delivery of IT services. Within a product-based information management, service providers and customers cooperate on the basis of a set of defined IT products. Instead of managing joint IT projects, customers purchase IT products offered and delivered by an IT service provider. The co...