Global climate change is predicted to alter the ocean’s biological productivity. But how will we recognise the impacts of climate change on ocean productivity? The most comprehensive information available on its global distribution comes from satellite ocean colour data. Now that over ten years of satellite-derived chlorophyll and productivity data have accumulated, can we begin to detect and a...

this paper examines the lewis theory of structural change in iran in the period 1974-2005. where labor productivity growth and the intensive use of labor occurs via reallocation of labor between sectors or spillovers in the production from the manufacturing or service sectors to agriculture resulting to convergence. assessing whether productivity gap is reducing or increasing, takes us to the n...

This article computes the energy productivity changes of regions in Japan using total-factor frameworks based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Since the traditional DEA-Malmquist index cannot analyze changes in single-factor productivity changes under the total-factor framework, we apply a new index proposed by Hu and Chang [2009. Total-factor energy productivity growth of regions in China. ...

There is increasing evidence that the impact of climate change on the productivity of 9 grasslands will at least partly depend on their biodiversity. A high level of biodiversity may confer 10 stability to grassland ecosystems against environmental change, but there are also direct effects of 11 biodiversity on the quantity and quality of grassland productivity. To explain the manifold 12 inter...

— Large gaps in labor productivity between the traditional and modern parts of the economy are a fundamental reality of developing societies. In this paper, we document these gaps, and emphasize that labor flows from low-productivity activities to highproductivity activities are a key driver of development. Our results show that since 1990 structural change has been growth reducing – with labor...