Cocoa unrelentingly is a valuable crop and key foreign exchange earner in Ghana regarding other agricultural commodity exports. The focal drive of this study was to examine the impact macroeconomic variables including cocoa price bank specific characteristics on profitability during period 2010 2020. extends analysis cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with that impulse response...

An important puzzle in corporate taxation is that effective tax rates have fallen significantly while tax revenue has simultaneously risen in most countries. Moreover, the gross profitability of firms seems to be lower in high-tax countries, even though standard models of international investment would yield the opposite conclusion. We offer an explanation for these stylized facts by setting up...

An important puzzle in corporate taxation is that effective tax rates have fallen significantly while tax revenue has simultaneously risen in most countries. Moreover, the gross profitability of firms seems to be lower in high-tax countries, even though standard models of international investment would yield the opposite conclusion. We offer an explanation for these stylized facts by setting up...

We examine firm valuation with optimal liquidity (retained earnings) and dividend choice under revenue uncertainty that incorporates debt financing and bankruptcy costs. We revisit the conditions for dividend policy irrelevancy and the role of retained earnings and dividends. Retained earnings have a net positive impact on firm value in the presence of growth options, high external financing co...

Botnets have become an increasing security concern in today’s Internet. Since current technological defenses against botnets have failed to produce results, it has become necessary to think about different strategies. Given that money is perhaps the single determining force driving the growth in botnet attacks, we propose an interesting economic approach to take away the root cause of botnet, i...

Aquaponics provides a sustainable means of converting aquaculture effluent to nutrients for growing plant. This unconventional, but synergistic system food production has been documented be economically feasible and sustainable, particularly in areas with limited land water resources availability. study assessed the economic feasibility low-cost small-scale aquaponics using output data. Price t...

In contrast to the U.S. where universal banking has been legally prohibited, the Second Banking Directive allows European banks both to form financial conglomerates and hold equity stakes in non-financial companies. This paper analyzes the cost and profit efficiency of European financial conglomerates and universal banks. We find that conglomerates are more revenue efficient than their speciali...

Efficiency in the use of resources stream-lined for expected conditions could lead to reduced system diversity and consequently endanger resilience. We tested the hypothesis of a trade-off between farm resource-use efficiency and land-use diversity. We applied stochastic frontier production models to assess the dependence of resource-use-efficiency on land-use diversity as illustrated by the Sh...

The Asian economic downturn has severely affected the revenue and profitability of companies operating in Asia. This has in turn caused a significant number of companies to reduce their spending on IT, particularly in the countries that have been most affected by the downturn. While IT spending is an immediate and visible effect of the downturn, less visible changes in managerial attitudes towa...