Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive mul...

OBJECTIVE To use the new consensus definitions of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS) to report the demographic, clinical, and natural history characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is progressive from the time of onset. DESIGN Retrospective study by database/chart review and telephone interview. SETTING Multiple scleros...

#### Notable in Neurology This Week This issue features an article that investigates the safety of ocrelizumab people with relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis; another examines whether a computer deep learning algorithm can detect MRI-negative focal cortical dysplasia. A featured Review neurologic conditions seen vaccines, including mRNA adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2...

Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis. Retland E, et al. Differential effects of Th1...

Secondary Progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is a common form of MS with few approved and effective therapies. Previous studies of therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX) in SPMS have reported mixed results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of PLEX in SPMS. We retrospectively analyzed 25 years of PLEX therapy in SPMS to identify improvements in disease progr...

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease is most common in young adults. This disease has created many problems for patients and it leads to disability and dependence in life. Clinical findings indicate that mental stress of everyday life events gradually work different body systems including the immune system is affected and can weaken it. Various factors can modu...

OBJECTIVE To compare the abnormalities shown by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in three clinically distinct groups of patients with multiple sclerosis, and to correlate the extent of abnormality with the degree of clinical disability in the three groups. DESIGN All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and full neurological examination, and their disability was scored accordi...