Objective(s): The study was intended to investigate the combined influence of two neuroprotective agents pramipexole and n-acetylcysteine on global cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (GCIRI) model in rats.Materials and Methods: GCIRI was induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCA) in rats. Animals were divided into six groups. Groups I, II, and III received saline intraperitone...

Diabetes is associated with persistent inflammation and defective tissue repair responses. The hypothesis of this study was that interleukin (IL)-1b is part of a proinflammatory positive feedback loop that sustains a persistent proinflammatory wound macrophage phenotype that contributes to impaired healing in diabetes. Macrophages isolated from wounds in diabetic humans and mice exhibited a pro...

Platelets are known to contribute to vascular pathologies, however, their role in inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is thus far poorly defined. Although there is emerging evidence that platelets might accumulate in the CNS parenchyma along with an increased activation ...

Objective(s):Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used in vascular disorders. It has been shown that pentoxifylline inhibits proinflammatory [d1] cytokines production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in mice. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by multiple l...

Background: The role of mesenchymal stem cell in cellular therapy is the subject of interest for many researchers. The differentiation potential of MSCs and abilities in modulations of the recipient’s immune system makes them important cells in tissue regenerative studies. MSCs by releasing the proinflammatory cytokines play important role in immunomodulatory systems; however the signaling path...

Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have increased serum proinflammatory cytokines and an increased occurrence of respiratory complications. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of renal and extrarenal cytokine production on AKI-mediated lung injury in mice. C57Bl/6 mice underwent sham surgery, splenectomy, ischemic AKI, or ischemic AKI with splenectomy and kidney, spleen,...

Epilepsy refers to a clinical syndrome generated by spontaneous seizures in the central nervous system. Epilepsy triggers a complex pathological process including inflammatory response and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) increase. It has been reported that AQP4 helps to enhance the immunological function of the central nervous system in pathological conditions, but the relationship between AQP4 and inflamma...

Chronic inflammation is a characteristic of obesity and is associated with accompanying insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although proinflammatory cytokines are known for their detrimental effects on adipose tissue function and insulin sensitivity, their beneficial effects in the regulation of metabolism have not drawn sufficient attention. In obesity, inflammat...

UNLABELLED Chronic inflammation plays a fundamental role in tumor promotion, migration, and invasion. With the use of microarray profiling, a profound increase was observed for those transcripts involved in proinflammatory signaling in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor-treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells as compared with their respective controls. As such...