We investigate how liability rules and property rules protect intellectual property. Infringement might not be deterred under any of the enforcement regimes available. However, counterintuitively, a credible threat of infringement can actually benefit the patentholder. We compare the two doctrines of damages, lost profit (lost royalty) and unjust enrichment, and argue that unjust enrichment pro...

We investigate Merkle-Damgard hash functions and different file formats. Our goal is to construct many meaningful hash collisions with given semantic contents from one single abstract collision. We show that this is not only possible for PostScript ([DL1], [DL2]) but also for PDF, TIFF and MS Word 97. Our results suggest that this property might be typical for ’higher’ file formats.

We study singularities of the n-body problem in spaces of constant curvature and generalize certain results due to Painlevé, Weierstrass, and Sundman. For positive curvature, some of our proofs use the correspondence between total collision solutions of the original system and their orthogonal projection—a property that offers a new method of approaching the problem in this particular case.

Velocity-based models belong to the category of microscopic crowd simulation models. They recently appeared in the crowd simulation literature. They mathematically formulate microscopic interactions as a function of agents' states and their derivatives. In the case of collision avoidance, this property provides agents with the ability to produce anticipated smooth reactions, with great impact o...

a typical radio frequency identification system (rfid) includes one reader and a number of tags. the reader transmit to commands to the tags with interrogation radio signals, and tags receive the command and then respond with their identification. readers with interrogation signals can read tags’ responses. in rfid systems, when multiple tags respond to one reader simultaneously, tag collision ...

rfid system is a wireless technology that can transfer data between tags and readers via radio frequency. in an rfid network, readers are located close to each other to obtain optimal connectivity and sufficient coverage. in such an environment, which is called dense reader environment (dre).different types of collisions such as reader-to-reader and reader-to-tag ones, often lead to serious pro...

Floods continue to pose the greatest threat to the property and safety of human communities among all natural hazards in the United States. This study examines the relationship between the built environment and flood impacts in Texas, which consistently sustains the most damage from flooding of any other state in the country. Specifically, we calculate property damage resulting from 423 flood e...

We revisit the enhanced target collision resistance (eTCR) property as a newly emerged notion of security for dedicated-key hash functions, which has been put forth by Halevi and Krawczyk at CRYPTO’06, in conjunction with the Randomized Hashing mode to achieve this property. Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we provide a full picture of the relationships between eTCR and each of the seven s...