We introduce and study the notions of a PAC substructure of a stable structure, and a bounded substructure of an arbitrary substructure, generalizing [8]. We give precise definitions and equivalences, saying what it means for properties such as PAC to be first order, study some examples (such as differentially closed fields) in detail, relate the material to generic automorphisms, and generaliz...

introduction: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is a useful tool for the detection of fusion transcript resulting from specific chromosomal translocation of the leukemia cells. a specific chromosomal abnormality, the philadelphia chromosome (ph), is present in 90% to 95% of cml patients.the aberration results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and ...

The molecular species composition of membrane phospholipids influences the activities of integral proteins and cell signalling pathways. We determined the effect of increasing gestational age on fetal guinea pig liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and plasma PC molecular species composition. The livers were collected from fetuses (n = 5/time point) at 5 day interva...

BACKGROUND Lipid-soluble phosphatidylcholine (PC) and aqueous free choline are absorbed and metabolized differently, but the metabolic effects of feeding these 2 forms of choline have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the effects of PC and free choline in the maternal diet on the development of the offspring's immune system. METHODS During lactation, Sprague-D...

Phospholipid molecular species and headgroup compositions were determined for sarcoplasmic reticular and microsomal membranes in two species of Sonoran desert cyprinid fish (Agosia chrysogaster Girard and Notropis lutrensis Girard) trapped in an isolated pool of a desert stream. Fish populations were sampled in the cool of the morning (water temperature 21-21-9°C for Agosia and 22-26°C for Notr...

To what extent is learnability impeded when information is missing in learning instances? We present relevant known results and concrete open problems, in the context of a natural extension of the PAC learning model that accounts for arbitrarily missing information.

Previous results on nonlearnability of visual concepts relied on the assumption that such concepts are represented as sets of pixels [l]. This correspondence uses an approach developed by Haussler [2] to show that under an alternative, feature-based representation, recognition is PAC learnable from a feasible number of examples in a distribution-free manner.

Increased serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) in the blood of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) have previously been demonstrated. In addition, exogenous exposure to these cytokines promotes various cancer cell invasive and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes. However, their importance in pancreatic CSCs remains elusive. In the pre...

We analyze the spatial distribution of dusty young stellar objects (YSOs) identified in the Spitzer Survey of the Orion Molecular clouds, augmenting these data with Chandra X-ray observations to correct for incompleteness in dense clustered regions. We also devise a scheme to correct for spatially varying incompleteness when X-ray data are not available. The local surface densities of the YSOs ...