Cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the development of the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Our earlier studies demonstrated that these enzymes are equipped with specific domains for defined functions and further suggested the mechanism of activation of cysteine proteases. The activities of these proteases are regulated by a new class of endogenous inhib...

Proteolytic enzymes are crucial for a variety of biological processes in organisms ranging from lower (virus, bacteria, and parasite) to the higher organisms (mammals). Proteases cleave proteins into smaller fragments by catalyzing peptide bonds hydrolysis. Proteases are classified according to their catalytic site, and distributed into four major classes: cysteine proteases, serine proteases, ...

Transcriptomic and proteomic technologies are generating a wealth of data that are frequently used by scientists to predict the function of proteins based on their expression or presence. However, activity of many proteins, such as transcription factors, kinases, and proteases, depends on posttranslational modifications that frequently are not detected by these technologies. Therefore, to monit...

Proteases are an expanding class of drugs that hold great promise. The U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved 12 protease therapies, and a number of next generation or completely new proteases are in clinical development. Although they are a well-recognized class of targets for inhibitors, proteases themselves have not typically been considered as a drug class despite their applic...

pistachio green stink bug, acrosternum hegeeri, due to its inflicting damages on crop quantity and quality, is of a great economical importance in pistachio production. on the other hand, a knowledge of digestive enzymes, is quite indispensable in the study and application of new pest management technologies. results of studeies have shown that midgut in this insect is divided into four section...

The mainstream approach to antiviral drugs against COVID-19 is focus on key stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. vast majority candidates under investigation are repurposed from agents other indications. Understanding protein–inhibitor interactions at molecular scale will provide crucial insights for drug discovery stop this pandemic. In article, we summarize and analyze most recent structural ...

Soil proteases are involved in organic matter transformation processes and, thus, influence ecosystem nutrient turnovers. Phytohormones, similarly to proteases, synthesized and secreted into soil by fungi microorganisms, regulate plant rhizosphere activity. The aim of this study was determine the effect auxins, cytokinins, ethephon, chlorocholine chloride on spruce forest floor protease It conc...

Mirolysin is a secretory protease of Tannerella forsythia, member the dysbiotic oral microbiota responsible for periodontitis. In this study, we show that mirolysin latency achieved by “cysteine-switch” mechanism exerted Cys23 in N-terminal profragment. Mutation shortened time needed activation zymogen from several days to 5 min. The mutation also decreased thermal stability and autoproteolysis...

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) comprise a family of four G protein-coupled (GPCRs) that have broad functions in health and disease. Unlike most GPCRs, PARs are uniquely activated by proteolytic cleavage their extracellular N termini. To fully understand PAR activation function vivo, it is critical to also study the proteases activate them. As heavily regulated at post-translational level, ...

Proteases likely arose at the earliest stages of protein evolution as simple destructive enzymes necessary for protein catabolism and the generation of amino acids in primitive organisms. For many years, studies on proteases focused on their original roles as blunt aggressors associated with protein demolition. However, the realization that, beyond these nonspecific degradative functions, prote...