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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE This Medical Policy provides assistance in interpreting UnitedHealthcare benefit plans. When deciding coverage, the enrollee specific document must be referenced. The terms of an enrollee's document (e.g., Certificate of Coverage (COC) or Summary Plan Description (SPD) and Medicaid State Contracts) may differ greatly from the standard benefit plans upon which this Medical P...

The goal of radiotherapy is to achieve uniform target coverage while sparing normal tissue. In proton therapy, the same sources of geometric uncertainty are present as in conventional radiotherapy. However, an important and fundamental difference in proton therapy is that protons have a finite range, highly dependent on the electron density of the material they are traversing, resulting in a st...

Proton radiotherapy is an important technology for cancer treatment. By reducing and even eliminating unwanted radiation dose to surrounding tissue, proton therapy has the potential to lessen the toxicity of radiotherapy. The promise of precisely delivered radiation doses has led to the adoption of proton radiotherapy in selected centers across the United States.[1] Currently there are 11 proto...

H. pylori gastritis and gastric acid closely interact. In H. pylori-positive patients, profound acid suppressive therapy induces a corpus-predominant pangastritis, which is associated with accelerated corpus gland loss and development of atrophic gastritis. Both corpus-predominant and atrophic gastritis have been associated with an increased risk of development of gastric cancer. H. pylori erad...

PURPOSE With the aim of improving the results of treatment for esophageal carcinoma, we have investigated the efficacy and toxicity associated with the use of a 250-MeV proton beam for radical radiation therapy in esophageal carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty patients with esophageal carcinoma (superficial, n = 13; advanced, n = 17) had been treated with proton beam therapy alone or with p...

Proton therapy may offer potential clinical advantages compared with conventional radiation therapy for many cancer patients. Due to the large investment costs for building a proton therapy facility, however, the treatment cost with proton radiation is higher than with conventional radiation. It is therefore important to evaluate whether the medical benefits of proton therapy are large enough t...

In this work, we studied the possibility of merging proton therapy with grid therapy. We hypothesized that patients with larger targets containing solid tumor growth could benefit from being treated with this method, proton grid therapy. We performed treatment planning for 2 patients with abdominal cancer with the suggested proton grid therapy technique. The proton beam arrays were cross-fired ...

Background and Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. The disease is caused by a temporary blockage of airflow due to chronic inflammation of the airways . One of the conditions that often occur with asthma and exacerbate disease, is gastroesophageal reflux. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of acid suppressing therapy in patients with refractory asthma...

Introduction: Although there are several ways to relief pain in metastatic patients, the use of radionuclides is one of the known and effective ways to relieve the pain caused by bone metastases. The purpose of this study was to assessment of radiation dose distribution of different radioisotopes used to treatment and pain relief patients in a bone-based model based on Monte C...