Improvement of production of an extracellular β-glucosidase with high activity by Brettanomyces anomalus PSY-001 was performed by using recursive protoplast fusion in a genome-shuffling format. The initial population was generated by ultraviolet irradiation, ultrasonic mutagenesis and, then, subjected to recursive protoplast fusion. Mutant strains exhibiting significantly higher β-glucosidase a...

A protocol for the generation of high yields of viable protoplasts has been developed for several highly branched (colonial) strains of the Quorn2 myco-protein fungus, Fusarium graminearum A3}5. Driselase was found to produce higher protoplast yields (ca 10* g−" wet weight) than the other lytic enzymes tested (Glucanex, Novozyme, β-glucuronidase, Sigma lytic enzyme, or ICN lytic enzyme), althou...

Transformation provided definitive evidence for linkage between tyrB282::Tn551 ermB321 and omega (Chr::Tn551)34, and thus between the separate large linkage groups containing these markers, in Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325. Transformation also defined the chromosomal loci for the purC193::Tn551 and omega (Chr::Tn551)42 markers and the linkage of a tetracycline resistance marker (tet-3490) wit...

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an economically important crop that is grown throughout the world. It is the main material in textile and the main economic resource for more than 100 millions of cotton farmers in China. Due to its main role in our economy, cotton biotechnology has been significantly improved in the last decades in China, which led to a significantly progress both in cotton research ...

The cell wall is the strong, outermost layer of a plant cell, located external to the plasma membrane. The cell wall often far outlives the protoplast which synthesized it. In cork, for example, the wall serves its particular biological role (physical protection of a tree trunk) for many years after the death of the protoplast. However, the walls of living cells are not inert ‘boxes’ but comple...

We have developed a technique for the large-scale isolation of epidermal and m esophyll proto­ plasts, as well as the vascular strands, o f rye primary leaf blades. Separation o f the two types of protoplasts has been successful only from leaves harvested at the end of a 13-h light period, when chloroplasts were enriched in starch. The occurrence o f different flavonoid compounds, and amounts, ...

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in pathogen defence, stress response and secondary metabolism and is subject to post-translational phosphorylation. In order to address the significance of this phenomenon it is necessary to identify the protein kinase (PK) responsible and place it in its regulatory circuit. Using protoplast transient expression of Arabidopsis kinase genes coupl...