Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational intelligence techniques, which are used in many applications, such as disease diagnosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate two artificial neural networks created for the diagnosis of diseases in fish caused by protozoa and bacteria. As a classification system, ANNs are an important tool for decisionmaking in disease diagnosis. A back...

The immune response to the protozoan pathogens, Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp. and Plasmodium spp., has been studied extensively with particular focus on regulation of the immune response by immunological mechanisms. More specifically, in diseases caused by parasites, immunosuppression frequently prevents immunopathology that can injure the host. However, this allows a small number of parasi...

In tropical regions, protozoan parasites can cause severe diseases with malaria, leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease standing in the forefront. Many of the drugs currently being used to treat these diseases have been developed more than 50 years ago and can cause severe adverse effects. Above all, resistance to existing drugs is widespread and has become a serious problem threa...

This is the first study of seasonal prevalence of parasitic infections over a period of 18 years in an urban/suburban setting anywhere in the world. We examined parasitological test results of 7766 fecal specimens from 3883 patients in the Los Angeles County, from 1996 to 2013 tested at Parasitology Center, Inc. (PCI), Scottsdale, Arizona. During this period, 1629 (41%) of patients were found i...

Ticks are important vectors of disease and transmit an extensive array of bacterial, viral and protozoan diseases to both humans and dogs within a community. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been extensively studied within both the human and veterinary population. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an intracellular rickettsial pathogen also transmitted by ixodid ticks, has...

Among the most prevalent diseases caused by protozoan parasites, parasites of genus Plasmodium cause malaria. Malaria is transmitted to humans infected female anopheles mosquito. a vector-borne disease and it continues have devastating effects on people’s lives, especially in developing countries. To control malaria, many popular practices exist avoid nuisance mosquito bites such as fumigation,...

Vector-borne protozoan diseases represent a serious public health challenge, especially in the tropics where poverty together with vector-favorable climates are the aggravating factors. Each of the various strategies currently employed to face these scourges is seriously inadequate. Despite enormous efforts, vaccines-which represent the ideal weapon against these parasitic diseases-are yet to b...