This paper proposes a tool for dimension reduction where the of original space is reduced: principal loading analysis. Principal analysis to reduce dimensions by discarding variables. The intuition that variables are dropped which distort covariance matrix only little. Our method introduced and an algorithm conducting provided. Further, we give bounds noise arising in sample case.

Abstract Living costs in Germany have surged since Russia’s attack on Ukraine. In this article, we discuss pros and cons of different government policies to protect affected citizens. There is a vast domain possible relief options, each coming with its own trade-offs design pitfalls. Information gaps German public administration render desirable options like income energy-use-contingent transfe...

This paper! reports on foundational considerations for experiments into the acquisition of human-like use and understanding of negation in linguistic utterances via a developmental robotics approach. For this purpose different taxonomies of negation in early child language are analysed in order to show the large variety of communicative functions that these different types of negation have. Req...

This thesis is a collection of three essays in international trade. Chapter 1 explains how firm heterogeneity and market structure can distort the geography of international trade. By considering only the intensive margin of trade, Krugman (1980) predicts that a higher elasticity of substitution between goods magnifies the impact of trade barriers on trade flows. In this chapter, I introduce fi...

the attempts of globalization in developing countries could be observed in a wide range of areas. objectively speaking, globalization can be of advantage to developed and developing countries provided that the compaines and commodities of those countries can get access to and compete with those of others in international market place as equal partners with fairness in international trade. globa...

A sensor network wishes to transmit information to a fusion center to allow it to detect a public hypothesis, but at the same time prevent it from inferring a private hypothesis. We propose a multilayer nonlinear processing procedure at each sensor to distort the sensor’s data before it is sent to the fusion center. In our proposed framework, sensors are grouped into clusters, and each sensor f...