Strengthening or destroying a network is a very important issue in designing resilient networks or in planning attacks against networks, including planning strategies to immunize a network against diseases, viruses, etc. Here we develop a method for strengthening or destroying a random network with a minimum cost. We assume a correlation between the cost required to strengthen or destroy a node...

Every year millions of square kilometres of the world’s forests are destroyed by fire resulting in huge economic costs, tremendous damage to the environment, destruction of property, loss of timber, and loss of life. Anywhere in the world where there is vegetation subjected to extended hot, dry periods there are frequent fires. This is approximately one third of the land surface of the Earth wi...

Bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), BA+COPD, and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are very common conditions. The main pathogenetic mechanism in the abovementioned conditions is inflammation, which is heterogeneous in both its etiology and pathogenesis in patients with these disorders.1 Neutrophils ensure and support body homeostasis and play a pivotal role in...

Human influence on the environment is now so strong that a new geological era has been proposed (Crutzen & Stoermer, 2000), the Anthropocene, the Age of Man, the era shaped strongly, for the first time in human history, by humans. It is largely a destructive influence (Nielsen, 2005, 2006, 2007) threatening our own existence, the influence reflected in the human-mediated climate change, in the ...

While personal fabrication tools, such as laser cutters and milling machines, are intended for construction, we are exploring their use for destruction. We present a series of games that result in valuable physical objects being destroyed—objects owned by the players. Interestingly, we found that we can design these games to be desirable to play, despite the loss of the object, by instead produ...

International business is an action widely practiced within the world nations today. It highly influenced by safe quality of environment. Environment itself varies in different geographies world. Africa as a whole environmentally unsafe, and its unhealthy situation increases environmental vulnerability every day. Poor economic conditions, increasing population cities, high growth rate, droughts...

The purpose of this study is to describe the attitude avoiding nature damaging environment, fostering an caring and responsible for saving environment contained in novel Serdadu Pantai by Laode Insan Dari Rahim Ombak Tison Sahabuddin Bungin. research method used a qualitative descriptive method, with stages preparation stage, field data analysis stage. are form words, phrases, sentences related...

This paper describes an Augmented Reality (AR) system for the treatment of acrophobia. First, the technical characteristics of the first prototype are described. Second, the capacity of the immersive photography used in the AR system to provoke sense of presence in users is tested. Forty-one participants without fear of heights, walked around a staircase in both a real environment and an immers...

Synthetically engineered organisms hold promise for a broad range of medical, environmental, and industrial applications. Organisms can potentially be designed, for example, for the inexpensive and environmentally benign synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, for the cleanup of environmental pollutants, and potentially even for biomedical applications such as the targeting of sp...

All animals have an effect on the environment, but some key species – called ecosystem engineers – can have a particularly large influence. Their impact can be positive, by creating and maintaining habitats and increasing biodiversity, but they can also be negative, by destroying habitats and reducing biodiversity. Interestingly, the magnitude of the effect that an ecosystem engineer has on the...