PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify the predictive factors for prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels equal to or less than 4 ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of medical records was conducted on 292 patients with initial serum PSA ≤4 ng/ml among 2,305 patients who underwent prostate biopsy from January 2003 to December 2008. Prostate...

The discoveries and application of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have been much appreciated because PSA-based screening has saved millions of lives of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Historically speaking, Flocks et al first identified antigenic properties in prostate tissue in 1960. Then, Barnes et al detected immunologic characteristics in prostatic fluid in 1963. Hara et al characterized γ...

PURPOSE To identify potential predictive factors of incidental prostate cancer (IPca) in patients considering tissue-ablation treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS From the 11 centers, 1,613 men who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or open prostatectomy were included. Before surgery, prostate biopsy was performed in all patients with p...

The need for men to undergo screening for prostate cancer is controversial. Urologists are concerned about finding many men with minimal disease who may not require therapy or may be over-treated, while conversely missing men with clinically significant prostate cancer that could be treated and cured if found at an early enough stage. Most men today present to the physician with some symptoms a...

OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), density (PSAD) accuracy, and PSAD adjusted by transition zone volume (PSATZD) in men with PSA levels between 2.0 and 4.0 ng/ml. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 2000 and 2010, 138 men with PSA levels between 2 and 4.0 ng/ml underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and 12-core prostate biopsy. Diagnostic accura...

background: prostate specific antigen (psa) is a protein currently used in vconjunction with the digital rectal examination to detect and guide management of prostate cancer. there are several causes of increase in serum psa including urological manipulations, medications, prostatic diseases, prostate cancer, prostate inflammation or infection, etc. some studies had reported cystoscopy to cause...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate PSA (Prostate-specific antigen) parameters in patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL). DESIGN In a retrospective study, 23 male patients with LL were evaluated. PSA parameters (serum total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), free-to-total PSA ratio (f/tPSA), PSA Density (PSAD)) were assessed. PSA parameters were compared with a control group. RESULTS The mean tPSA, fPSA, f/tP...

We have previously proposed that polysialic acid (PSA), which is attached to NCAM on the cell surface, can serve to regulate a variety of cell-cell interactions. The present study provides evidence that hydrated PSA influences a sufficiently large volume at the cell surface to exert broad steric effects, and that the removal of PSA in fact causes a detectable change in intercellular space. Usin...

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is a mathematical tool to evaluate numerical estimates of risk for nuclear power plants (NPPs). For the last couple of years, PSA has been put to practical use for verification of safety in research and industrial fields. However, PSA still has the problems about the quality and reliability. The significant one of the problems is that the quantification of ...

background: stereotactic body radiotherapy (sbrt) has emerged as an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer. however, prostate-specific antigen (psa) kinetics after sbrt has not been well characterized. the objective of the current study is to analyze the rate of psa decline and psa nadir following hypofractonated sbrt in localized prostate cancer. materials and methods: from 2008 to ...