Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare interstitial lung disease that develops as a result of defects in the clearance of surfactant by alveolar macrophages. The accumulation of lipid- and protein-rich substances in the alveoli constitutes the main pathology of this disease. PAP has three types of aetiology: autoimmune (primary), congenital and secondary. The most common form in adults ...

Recent experiments have shown that rapid kinematic mixing occurs in the pulmonary alveoli. Here the Reynolds number is very small, there is recirculation in the alveolar cavity and the alveolar walls move periodically. We have recently shown that non-diffusing particles move chaotically in a two-dimensional model flow with the above features. In parts of the lung, however, there is asynchrony b...

Rats were exposed to 98.5% oxygen at 765 torr for 6-72 hr. The pulmonary changes were investigated by electron microscopy and by morphometric methods. A progressive thickening of the air-blood barrier, from the normal 1.5 to 3 micro after 3 days, was due primarily to enlargement of the interstitial space by accumulation of edema which was replaced secondarily by cells and fibrin. This was accom...

Pulmonary alveoli are formed, in part, by subdivision (septation) of the gas-exchange saccules of the immature lung. Septation is developmentally regulated, and failure to septate at the appropriate time is not followed by delayed spontaneous septation. We report retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta knockout mice exhibit premature septation; in addition, they form alveoli twice as fast as wild-typ...

We report a rare case of epidural pneumatosis associated with pneumomediastinum that occurred at rest. A 17-year-old male had spontaneously felt shortness of breath while attending class during the day. Chest and neck CT revealed interstitial free air collection along the right pulmonary vascular sheath. It was speculated that some cough or strain-induced increase in intra-alveolar pressure in ...

1. Rupture of marginal alveoli into the pulmonary interstitial tissue and thence to the mediastinum 2. Mixed aetiological factors (The mode of production is not yet certain.) (a) Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (b) Trauma to the chest wall 3. Air entering the mediastinum from the deep fascial planes of the neck 4. Air entering the mediastinum from the retroperitoneal space 5. Perforation of the t...

A non-immunocompromised man developed acute Aspergillus pneumonia after spreading mouldy tree bark mulch. Despite normal renal function at presentation, he developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with acute kidney injury due to anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti-GBM) 4 weeks later. He remained dialysis dependent and died of sepsis 10 months later. We hypothesise that he...

The aim of the study was to estimate pulmonary inflation in rabbits after experimental pulmonary barotrauma (PB) using the previously described original method for quantitative description of pulmonary histostructure. Rabbits allotted into control (P) and experimental (E) groups were used. The experimental group animals were subjected to PB. Taking into consideration posttraumatic management, g...