Antibody in sera from 560 cattle of tuberculosis (TB)-infected and TB-free herds was investigated by competition and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using bovine purified protein derivative tuberculin as the antigen. Antibody was detected in sera from both types of herd, with a widely overlapping range of titers. However, a "tail" of high-titered sera was observed for the distributi...

We investigated the role of neutrophil elastase (NE) in interactions between murine inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages infected with the parasite Leishmania major. A blocker peptide specific for NE prevented the neutrophils from inducing microbicidal activity in macrophages. Inflammatory neutrophils from mutant pallid mice were defective in the spontaneous release of NE, failed to induce ...

BCG-vaccinated schoolchildren, 8-9 yrs of age, were simultaneously tested on separate arms with tuberculin and a sensitin. Using the 6 mm cut-off they reacted in 49% to two tuberculin units purified protein derivative (PPD RT23), in 67% to 0.1 micrograms Mycobacterium avium sensitin RS10, and in 58% to 0.1 micrograms M. scrofulaceum sensitin RS95. The corresponding figures for non-BCG-vaccinate...

test, chest X-ray, ESR, biopsy of the lesion whenever available, isolation of AFB if possible, and examination of the spinal, pleural or ascitic fluid depending upon the type of tuberculosis. Tuberculin test was done with 1 TU of purified protein derivative and was considered positive, when after 72 hours, an induration of more than 10 x 10 mm was seen. Presence of BCG scar was taken as confirm...

(Received for publication, December 24, 1957) In tuberculous cases of children, the erythrocytes sensitized with tuberculinpolysaccharide were detected by means of the agglutination reaction between the erythrocytes and the immune serum prepared in the following way. Sheep were treated by repeated injection of killed tubercle bacilli, until the serum ob tained from same was able to cause an agg...

Ireland currently obtains its avian and bovine tuberculin purified protein derivatives (PPDs) from a single source. Because problems of supply or quality cannot be discounted, it is prudent that Ireland identify alternative supplier(s) as part of a broad risk management strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of a number of different tuberculin combinations (th...

BACKGROUND The annual risk of Tuberculosis infection (ARTI) is a key indicator in epidemiology, of the extent of transmission in a community. There have been several suggested methods in order to evaluate the prevalence of Tuberculosis infection using tuberculin skin data. This survey estimates the ARTI in young Hellenic air force recruits. The effect of BCG vaccination has also been investigat...

The detection of serum antibodies to M. tuberculosis by the agglutination of sheep's red cells previously sensitized with an aqueous extract of phenol-treated bacilli of the H 37/Rv strain was first reported by Middlebrook and Dubos (1948). The short series of tests using human and rabbit sera reported by these authors suggested that the reaction was specific. They showed also that the activity...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization provides variable protection against tuberculosis. Prenatal antigen exposure may have lifelong effects on responses to related antigens and pathogens. We therefore hypothesized that maternal latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) influences infant responses to BCG immunization at birth. We measured antibody (n = 53) and cellular (n = 31) re...

The predictive value of induration 24 hours after administration of purified protein derivative (PPD) was examined. Altogether 1082 healthy schoolchildren were tested using 5 tuberculin units of PPD. Induration was measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours. At 24 hours, induration of any size had a relatively low positive predictive value (63%), although indurations > 5 mm had a higher (86%) positive pr...