Let G = (V, E) be a graph with p vertices and q edges. A has product-set labeling if there exist an injective function f: V(G) → P (N) such that the induced edge f∗: P(N) is defined as f∗ (μν) f (μ) ∗ (ν) ∀μ, ν ∈ E(G).f {ab: (μ), b }. In this paper we investigate how works for zero-divisor line of graphs.

Let $M$ be an $R$-module and $0 neq fin M^*={rm Hom}(M,R)$. We associate an undirected graph $gf$ to $M$ in which non-zero elements $x$ and $y$ of $M$ are adjacent provided that $xf(y)=0$ or $yf(x)=0$. Weobserve that over a commutative ring $R$, $gf$ is connected anddiam$(gf)leq 3$. Moreover, if $Gamma (M)$ contains a cycle,then $mbox{gr}(gf)leq 4$. Furthermore if $|gf|geq 1$, then$gf$ is finit...

let r be a fnite commutative ring and n(r) be the set of non unit elements of r. the non unit graph of r, denoted by gamma(r), is the graph obtained by setting all the elements of n(r) to be the vertices and defning distinct vertices x and y to be adjacent if and only if x - yin n(r). in this paper, the basic properties of gamma(r) are investigated and some characterization results regarding co...

We define a subgraph of the zero divisor graph of a ring, associated to the ring idempotents. We study its properties and prove that for large classes of rings the connectedness of the graph is equivalent to the indecomposability of the ring and in those cases we also calculate the graph’s diameter. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: 16U99, 05C99.

Critical to the understanding of a graph are its chromatic number and whether or not it is perfect. Here we prove when Γ(Zn), the zero-divisor graph of Zn, is perfect and show an alternative method to [D] for determining the chromatic number in those cases. We go on to determine the chromatic number for Γ(Zp[x]/〈x 〉) where p is prime and show that an isomorphism exists between this graph and Γ(...

In this paper we will investigate the interactions between the zero divisor graph, the annihilator class graph, and the associate class graph of commutative rings. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the Center for Applied Mathematics at the University of St. Thomas for funding our research. We would also like to thank Dr. Michael Axtell for his help and guidance, as well as Darrin Weber f...

Let R be a commutative ring with unity. The set Z(R) of zero-divisors in a ring does not possess any obvious algebraic structure; consequently, the study of this set has often involved techniques and ideas from outside algebra. Several recent attempts, among them [2], [3] have focused on studying the so-called zero-divisor graph ΓR, whose vertices are the zero-divisors of R, with xy being an ed...

Let R be a fnite commutative ring and N(R) be the set of non unit elements of R. The non unit graph of R, denoted by Gamma(R), is the graph obtained by setting all the elements of N(R) to be the vertices and defning distinct vertices x and y to be adjacent if and only if x - yin N(R). In this paper, the basic properties of Gamma(R) are investigated and some characterization results regarding co...

Let G = Γ(S) be a semigroup graph, i.e., zero-divisor graph of S with zero element 0. For any adjacent vertices x, y in G, denote C(x,y) {z∈V(G) | N (z) {x,y}}. Assume that there exist two y, vertex s∈C(x,y) and z such d (s,z) 3. This paper studies algebraic properties graphs Γ(S), giving some sub-semigroups ideals S. It constructs classes classifies all the property cases.