Background: Type-I diabetes is an autoimmune inflammatory disease in which pancreatic ß-cells are selectively destroyed by infiltrating cells. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type-II membrane protein of the TNF superfamily which is expressed in different tissues, including pancreas and lymphocytes. In humans, TRAIL interacts with four membrane receptors. TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2...

Shrimp waste contains protein that binds to chitin and is difficult digest by poultry, so it necessary carry out a fermentation process using Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study was conducted determine the Effect of fermented shrimp products resulted in optimal conversion meat protein, carcass weight, abdominal fat native chickens. The method used com...

Stopped-flow spectrophotometry was used to study the reduction of cytochrome c by a series of RuII complexes including RuIIL(py-R1-11)x (where L3- is the anion of N-2-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid; py-R is 4-R-substituted pyridine; x = 0, -1, -2) at 298 K under pseudo-first order conditions at pH 7 (phosphate buffer) and I = 0.1 M (NaCl). The variation in R(x) was as follows: R1, H ...

background: type-i diabetes is an autoimmune inflammatory disease in which pancreatic ß-cells are selectively destroyed by infiltrating cells. tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) is a type-ii membrane protein of the tnf superfamily which is expressed in different tissues, including pancreas and lymphocytes. in humans, trail interacts with four membrane receptors. trail-r1 and trail-r2...

Bacteria Shigella, the cause of shigellosis, evolved from the intestinal bacteria Escherichia coli. Based on structurally diverse O-specific polysaccharide chains of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs; O-antigens), three from four Shigella species are subdivided into multiple serotypes. The central oligosaccharide of the LPS called core is usually conserved within genus but five core types called R1...

Drug resistance is believed to cause treatment failure in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Resistance to chemotherapy can involve different processes, including apoptosis, whose extrinsic pathway is regulated by expression of death-inducing TRAIL-R1 and -R2 and inhibitory TRAIL-R3 and -R4 cell surface receptors. Therefore, we investigated whether variations in their expressi...

Certain polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit the antibody response of rabbits to the common enterobacterial antigen (CA). The present investigation revealed that striking differences exist in the immunosuppressive effects of enteric bacteria and their lipolysaccharides (lps), depending upon CA production by the strains. Mixtures of immunogenic strains (Escherichia coli F2378 [R4], E. coli...

The eight photoreceptors in each ommatidium of the Drosophila eye are assembled by a process of recruitment [1,2]. First, the R8 cell is singled out, and then subsequent photoreceptors are added in pairs (R2 and R5, R3 and R4, R1 and R6) until the final R7 cell acquires a neuronal fate. R7 development requires the Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated by a ligand from R8 [3]. He...

In Indonesia, cattle feces (CF) and water hyacinth (WH) plants are abundant but have not been widely revealed. The use of microorganisms as decomposers in the fermentation process has applied, so researchers interested studying further. This study was to evaluate effect combination CF with WH on composting by applying white-rot fungal (WRF) (Ganoderma sp) microorganism a decomposer. A number si...