Rain attenuation is an important aspect of signal propagation above 10GHz frequency. The attenuation time series generation from point rain rate measurement is crucial due to unavailability of actual signal measurements. In this paper, a simple and realistic approach has been demonstrated for better estimation of rain attenuation using Ku-band signal propagation data and ground rain rate measur...

Within the project EUropean Studies on Trace gases and Atmospheric CHemistry as a contribution to Large-scale Biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH), we performed tower-based eddy covariance measurements of O3 flux above an Amazonian primary rain forest at the end of the wet and dry season. Ozone deposition revealed distinct seasonal differences in the magnitude and diel vari...

Tropical rain forest expansion and savanna woody vegetation thickening appear to be a global trend, but there remains uncertainty about whether there is a common set of global drivers. Using geographic information techniques, we analyzed aerial photography of five areas in the humid tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia, taken in the 1950s and 2008, to determine if changes in rain fores...

Abstract Floods as a result of severe storms cause significant impacts on lives and properties. Therefore, timely accurate forecasts the will reduce associated risks. In this study, we look at characteristics storm 28 June, 2018 in Kumasi from rain gauge network satellite data, reanalysis data. The claimed least 8 displaced 293 people Kumasi, Ghana. ability data to capture temporal variations w...

For more than 50 years, scientific insights from surface water monitoring have supported Swedish evidence-based environmental management. Efforts to understand and control eutrophication in the 1960s led to construction of wastewater treatment plants with phosphorus retention, while acid rain research in the 1970s contributed to international legislation curbing emissions. By the 1990s, long-ti...

A rain attenuation prediction method has been applied to different climatic regions to test the validity of the model. The significant difference in rain rate and attenuation statistics for the tropical and temperate region needs to be considered in developing channel model to predict time series of rain attenuation for earth space communication links. Model parameters obtained for a tropical l...

Attenuation due to rain is a primary cause of communication impairment on satellite-earth paths, especially above 10GHz. Rainfall is a serious source of attenuation at such a frequency. This paper presents the characteristics of rain distribution in USM based on measured one minute rain rate. For attenuation of rain, predictions models like ITU and VIHT (Variable Isotherm Height Technique) mode...

[1] We report on the production and transport of the 0.4 Tg of nitric oxide generated in the Siberian upper troposphere by the 1908 Tunguska object. The simulation uses a threedimensional chemistry and transport model of the global troposphere. We find that much of the nitric oxide forms nitric acid that deposits downwind of the blast site within the first month, with no severe damage to the ec...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gas that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry by influencing the production and destruction of ozone and thereby the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. NO also contributes by its oxidation products to the formation of acid rain. The major sources of NO in the atmosphere are anthropogenic emissions (from combustion of fossil fuels) and biogenic emis...