Bow-tie or hourglass structure is a common architectural feature found in many biological systems. A bow-tie in a multi-layered structure occurs when intermediate layers have much fewer components than the input and output layers. Examples include metabolism where a handful of building blocks mediate between multiple input nutrients and multiple output biomass components, and signaling networks...

The testing of the null hypothesis of no treatment effect against the alternative of increasing treatment effect by means of rank statistics is extended from the classical Friedman random blocks model into an unbalanced design allowing treatments not to be applied simultaneously in each random block. The asymptotic normality of the constructed rank test statistic is proved both in the setting n...

Cope's Rule states that the size of species tends to increase along an evolutionary lineage. A basic statistical framework is elucidated for testing Cope's Rule and some surprising complications are pointed out. If Cope's Rule is formulated in terms of mean size, then it is not invariant to the way in which size is measured. If Cope's Rule is formulated in terms of median size, then it is not i...

Rank-based fusion is indispensable in multiple search setups in lack of item retrieval scores, such as in meta-search with non-cooperative engines. We introduce a novel, simple, and efficient method for rank-based late fusion of retrieval result-lists. The approach taken is rule-based, employs a fuzzy system, and does not require training data. We evaluate on an image database by fusing results...

It is well known that bisimulation on μ-expressions cannot be finitely axiomatised in equational logic. Complete axiomatisations such as those of Milner and Bloom/Ésik necessarily involve implicational rules. However, both systems rely on features beyond pure equational Horn logic: either rules that are impure by involving non-equational side-conditions, or rules that are schematically infinita...

The continuing and widespread use of lattice rules for high-dimensional numerical quadrature is driving the development of a rich and detailed theory. Part of this theory is devoted to computer searches for rules, appropriate to particular situations. In some applications, one is interested in obtaining the (lattice) rank of a lattice rule Q(Λ) directly from the elements of a generator matrix B...

A procedure for extending the size of a Latin hypercube sample (LHS) with rank correlated variables is described and illustrated. The extension procedure starts with an LHS of size m and associated rank correlation matrix C and constructs a new LHS of size 2m that contains the elements of the original LHS and has a rank correlation matrix that is close to the original rank correlation matrix C....